The Interaction between Serotonin Transporter Allelic Variation and Maternal Care Modulates Instagram Sociability in a Sample of Singaporean Users

Abstract

Human social interactions ensure recognition and approval from others, both in offline and online environments. This study applies a model from behavioral genetics on Instagram sociability to explore the impact of individual development on behavior on social networks. We hypothesize that sociable attitudes on Instagram resulted from an interaction between serotonin transporter gene alleles and the individual's social relationship with caregivers. We assess the environmental and genetic components of 57 Instagram users. The self-report questionnaire Parental Bonding Instrument is adopted to determine the quality of parental bonding. The number of posts, followed users ("followings"), and followers are collected from Instagram as measures of online social activity. Additionally, the ratio between the number of followers and followings ("Social Desirability Index") was calculated to estimate the asymmetry of each user's social network. Finally, buccal mucosa cell samples were acquired, and the polymorphism rs25531 (T/T homozygotes vs. C-carriers) within the serotonin transporter gene was examined. In the preliminary analysis, we identified a gender effect on the number of followings. In addition, we specifically found a gene-environment interaction on the standardized Instagram "Social Desirability Index" in line with our predictions. Users with the genotype more sensitive to environmental influences (T/T homozygotes) showed a higher Instagram "Social Desirability Index" than nonsensitive ones (C-carriers) when they experienced positive maternal care. This result may contribute to understanding online social behavior from a gene*environment perspective.

Keywords: Instagram; gene*environment; maternal care; online behavior; parental bonding; rs25531; serotonin transporter gene; social media; social network sites.

Figure 1

(A): Effect of the interaction between genotype and maternal care on the standardized Instagram Social Desirability Index. Correlations between the Social Desirability Index and the reported maternal care. Black circles = C-carriers; gray circles = T/T homozygotes. Lines represent the linear models for C-carriers (black) and T/T homozygotes (grey). Pearson’s r values are reported. (B): Comparison between Social Desirability Index in C-carriers (black) and T/T homozygotes (gray) divided into high and low maternal care. (* p < 0.025).