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. 2022 May 2;19(9):5525.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph19095525.

An Analysis of the Colony Structure of Prokaryotes in the Jialing River Waters in Chongqing

Maolan Zhang  1 , Guoming Zeng  1 , Dong Liang  1 , Yiran Xu  1 , Yan Li  2 , Xin Huang  1 , Yonggang Ma  2 , Fei Wang  1 , Chenhui Liao  1 , Cheng Tang  1 , Hong Li  3 , Yunzhu Pan  4 , Da Sun  5
Affiliations

An Analysis of the Colony Structure of Prokaryotes in the Jialing River Waters in Chongqing

Maolan Zhang et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

At present, research on the influence of human activities (especially urbanization) on the microbial diversity, structural composition, and spatial distribution of rivers is limited. In this paper, to explore the prokaryotic community structure and the relationship between the community and environmental factors in the Jialing River Basin of Chongqing, so as to provide a basis for monitoring microorganisms in the watershed. The V3-V4 region of the 16 S rRNA gene was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing and the microbial community of the waters of the Jialing River was analyzed for the diversity and composition of the prokaryotic community as well as the species difference of four samples and correlations with environmental factors. The main results of this study were as follows: (1) The diversity index showed that there were significant differences in the biodiversity among the four regions. At the genus level, Limnohabitans, unclassified_f_Comamonadaceae, and Hgcl_clade were the main dominant flora with a high abundance and evenness. (2) A Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to analyze the differences of species composition among the communities and the following conclusions were drawn: each group contained a relatively high abundance of Limnohabitans; the Shapingba District had a higher abundance of Limnohabitans, the Hechuan District had a wide range of unclassified_f_Comamonadaceae, and the Beibei District had a higher Hgcl_clade. (3) Through the determination of the physical and chemical indicators of the water-namely, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand, chlorophyll A, and an analysis by an RDA diagram, the results demonstrated that the distribution of microbial colonies was significantly affected by the environmental factors of the water. Chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen had a significant influence on the distribution of the colonies. Different biological colonies were also affected by different environmental factors.

Keywords: biological information analysis; community structure; high throughput sequencing; prokaryotes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Sample collection site, 1:100,000.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Alpha Shannon index diagram/PCA analysis diagram. (H represents the Hechuan District, S represents the Shapingba District, J represents the Jiangbei District, and B represents the Beibei District).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Venn diagram analysis of community distribution.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Analysis of the bacterial colony structure at the genus level of the four groups. (H represents the Hechuan District, S represents the Shapingba District, J represents the Jiangbei District, and B represents the Beibei District).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Heatmap analysis.
Figure 6
Figure 6
(a) Community composition analysis map of the Beibei District, (b) community composition analysis of the Shapingba District, (c) community composition analysis of the Jiangbei District, and (d) community composition analysis of the Hechuan District.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Kruskal–Wallis H test analysis results. (The left side of the vertical axis represents the species name and the right side is the p-value. The abscissa represents the relative abundance. H represents the Hechuan District, S represents the Shapingba District, J represents the Jiangbei District, and B represents the Beibei District).
Figure 8
Figure 8
H represents the Hechuan District, S represents the Shapingba District, J represents the Jiangbei District, and B represents the Beibei District; the yellow nodes represent five significantly different species, the colored nodes represent species with significant differences, and the corresponding colors represent the corresponding regions.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Correlation analysis between community structure and environmental factors. (H represents the Hechuan District, S represents the Shapingba District, J represents the Jiangbei District, and B represents the Beibei District. The longer the red arrow, the greater its influence and the longer the blue arrow, the greater its abundance, COD represents chemical oxygen demand, NH4N represents ammonia nitrogen, and Chla represents chlorophyll A.).
Figure 10
Figure 10
Phylogenetic tree analysis on genus level. (Each branch represents a species and the length of the branch represents the evolutionary distance.).
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