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. 2022 May 6;12(9):1190.
doi: 10.3390/ani12091190.

Effects of Hormone, NEFA and SCFA on the Migration of Neutrophils and the Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Dairy Cows

Guanxin Lv  1   2 , Hai Wang  1   2 , Xiechen Zhou  1   2 , Shuai Lian  1   2 , Jianfa Wang  1   2 , Rui Wu  1   2
Affiliations

Effects of Hormone, NEFA and SCFA on the Migration of Neutrophils and the Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Dairy Cows

Guanxin Lv et al. Animals (Basel). .

Abstract

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are the first line of defense against the invasion of foreign pathogenic microorganisms and play an essential role in the immune system of dairy cows. The changes in hormone secretion and metabolites of dairy cows during the perinatal period are the key factors that cause immunosuppression and increased risk of diseases. However, the effects of the hormone, nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) on the transmammary epithelial migration of dairy cows and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have rarely been studied. This study explored the effects of hormones, NEFAs and SCFAs on the neutrophil migration and NETs formation of dairy cows in vitro. It was found that P4 and Ac can regulate the transepithelial migration of PMN; SA and Pr can regulate the formation of NETs; E2, OA and Bt can regulate PMN transepithelial migration and NET formation. These results help to further explain the effects of changes in hormone secretion and metabolites on immunosuppression and the increased risk of disease in perinatal dairy cows.

Keywords: NEFA; NETs; SCFA; bovine; hormone; migration; neutrophils.

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Conflict of interest statement

Authors declare no conflict of interest for this article.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effects of E2 and P4 on migration and NET formation of PMN. (A) Effects of E2 on migration of PMN; (B) effects of P4 on migration of PMN; (C) effects of E2 and P4 on NET formation of PMN (white arrows: NET); (D) effects of E2 on the percentage of NET formation; (E) effects of P4 on the percentage of NET formation. Data are shown with means ± SD (n = 3). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, compared to control group.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effects of OA, PA, and SA on migration and NET formation of PMN. (A) Effects of OA on migration of PMN; (B) effects of PA on migration of PMN; (C) effects of SA on migration of PMN; (D) effects of OA, PA, and SA on NET formation of PMN (white arrows: NET); (E) effects of OA on the percentage of NET formation; (F) effects of PA on the percentage of NET formation; (G) effects of SA on the percentage of NET formation. Data are shown with means ± SD (n = 3). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, compared to control group.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effects of Ac, Pr, and Bt on migration and NET formation of PMN. (A) Effects of Ac on migration of PMN; (B) effects of Pr on migration of PMN; (C) effects of Bt on migration of PMN; (D) effects of Ac, Pr, and Bt on NET formation of PMN (white arrows: NET); (E) effects of Ac on the percentage of NET formation; (F) effects of Pr on the percentage of NET formation; (G) effects of Bt on the percentage of NET formation. Data are shown with means ± SD (n = 3). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, compared to control group.
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