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. 2022 May 6;27(9):2982.
doi: 10.3390/molecules27092982.

Multi-Element Analysis and Origin Discrimination of Panax notoginseng Based on Inductively Coupled Plasma Tandem Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS)

Chao Ji  1 , Jinyu Liu  1 , Qin Zhang  2 , Juan Li  2 , Zhiqiang Wu  2 , Xingyu Wang  2 , Yuxin Xie  2 , Jiangchao Zhao  3 , Rui Shi  4 , Xing Ma  5 , Mohammad Rizwan Khan  6 , Rosa Busquets  7 , Xiahong He  1   4 , Youyong Zhu  1 , Shusheng Zhu  1 , Wenjie Zheng  1   2   4
Affiliations

Multi-Element Analysis and Origin Discrimination of Panax notoginseng Based on Inductively Coupled Plasma Tandem Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS)

Chao Ji et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Panax notoginseng is an important functional health product, and has been used worldwide because of a wide range of pharmacological activities, of which the taproot is the main edible or medicinal part. However, the technologies for origin discrimination still need to be further studied. In this study, an ICP-MS/MS method for the accurate determination of 49 elements was established, whereby the instrumental detection limits (LODs) were between 0.0003 and 7.716 mg/kg, whereas the quantification limits (LOQs) were between 0.0011 and 25.7202 mg/kg, recovery of the method was in the range of 85.82% to 104.98%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were lower than 10%. Based on the content of multi-element in P. notoginseng (total of 89 mixed samples), the discriminant models of origins and cultivation models were accurately determined by the neural networks (prediction accuracy was 0.9259 and area under ROC curve was 0.9750) and the support vector machine algorithm (both 1.0000), respectively. The discriminant models established in this study could be used to support transparency and traceability of supply chains of P. notoginseng and thus avoid the fraud of geographic identification.

Keywords: ICP-MS/MS; Panax notoginseng; cultivation model discrimination; multi-element; origin discrimination.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interest or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The accumulation dynamics of elements during the growth of P. notoginseng. (a) Growth environment of P. notoginseng in different cultivation models, and specific sampling locations of P. notoginseng roots, ehizosphere, and edge soil. (b) The multi-element determination result of P. notoginseng and soil in PuEr bases. (c) The multi-element determination result of P. notoginseng and soil in HongHe bases. RS: rhizosphere soil; ES: edge soil; R21: root of P. notoginseng collected in August 2019; R22: root of P. notoginseng collected in November 2019; and R32: root of P. notoginseng collected in November 2020.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The results of ANOSIM and NMDS analyses of multi-element content of P. notoginseng from five origins. (a) The analysis of similarities (ANOSIM, using Bray–Curtis similarity distance matrix) of the multi-element content from five origins. ‘+’ represents outliers. (b) the results of the non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS, using the Bray–Curtis similarity distance matrix) of the multi-element content from five origins.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The results of ANOSIM and NMDS analyses of the content of multi-element in P. notoginseng from different cultivation models. (a) The analysis of similarities (ANOSIM, using Bray-Curtis similarity distance matrix) of the multi-element content from cultivation models. (b) the results of the non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS, using the Bray–Curtis similarity distance matrix) of the multi-element content from cultivation models.
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