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. 2022 Apr 22;11(9):2333.
doi: 10.3390/jcm11092333.

No Gender Differences in Pain Perception and Medication after Lumbar Spine Sequestrectomy-A Reanalysis of a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Christa K Raak  1   2 , Thomas Ostermann  3 , Anna-Li Schönenberg-Tu  2 , Oliver Fricke  1   4 , David D Martin  1 , Sibylle Robens  3 , Wolfram Scharbrodt  1   2
Affiliations

No Gender Differences in Pain Perception and Medication after Lumbar Spine Sequestrectomy-A Reanalysis of a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Christa K Raak et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

Background: Gender issues have received increasing attention in clinical research of the past years, and biological sex has been introduced as a moderating variable in experimental pain perception. However, in clinical studies of acute pain and gender, there are conflicting results. In particular, there are limited data on the impact of gender differences after spinal sequestrectomy. The aim of this work is to examine gender differences in postoperative pain and pain medication consumption in an inpatient clinical setting.

Methods: Data of a completed double-blind RCT was subdivided by gender and reanalyzed by means of an analysis of variance in repeated measures. Outcomes included pain severity measured on a VAS, affective (SES-A) and sensory pain perception (SES-S) and morphine equivalent doses (MED) of analgesics after spinal sequestrectomy.

Results: In total, 42 female (47.73%) and 46 male (52.27%) patients were analyzed. No differences in pain severity (VAS: Gender × Time F = 0.35; (df = 2, 86); p = 0.708), affective and sensory pain perception (SES-A: Gender × Time F = 0.08; (df = 2, 86); p = 0.919; SES-S: Gender × Time F = 0.06; (df = 2, 86); p = 0.939) or post-operative opioid use between men and women (MEDs: Gender × Time F = 1.44; (df = 2, 86); p = 0.227) could be observed.

Conclusions: This reanalysis of an RCT with respect to gender differences is to our knowledge the first attempt to investigate the role of gender in pain perception and medication after lumbar spine sequestrectomy. In contrast to other studies, we were not able to show significant differences between male and female patients in all pain-related outcomes. Apart from well-established pain management, psychological reasons such as gender-specific response biases or the observer effect might explain our results.

Trial registration: The study was registered as a regulatory phase IV study at the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), an open-access online register for clinical trials conducted in Germany (Reg-No: DRKS00007913).

Keywords: clinical trial; gender differences; lumbar sequestrectomy; postoperative pain.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart of the patients included in the study.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Means and 95% confidence intervals of pain severity from hospital admission (T-1) to day 5 (T5) by gender (VAS: visual analogue scale).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Means and 95% confidence intervals of total pain medication from hospital admission (T-1) to day 5 (T5) by gender.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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