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Review
. 2022 Apr 28;11(9):2486.
doi: 10.3390/jcm11092486.

Asian Race and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: Where Do We Stand?

Aditya Belamkar  1 , Alon Harris  2 , Francesco Oddone  3 , Alice Verticchio Vercellin  2 , Anna Fabczak-Kubicka  2   4 , Brent Siesky  2
Affiliations
Review

Asian Race and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: Where Do We Stand?

Aditya Belamkar et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is an optic neuropathy characterized by irreversible retinal ganglion cell damage and visual field loss. The global POAG prevalence is estimated to be 3.05%, and near term is expected to significantly rise, especially within aging Asian populations. Primary angle-closure glaucoma disproportionately affects Asians, with up to four times greater prevalence of normal-tension glaucoma reported compared with high-tension glaucoma. Estimates for overall POAG prevalence in Asian populations vary, with Chinese and Indian populations representing the majority of future cases. Structural characteristics associated with glaucoma progression including the optic nerve head, retina, and cornea are distinct in Asians, serving as intermediates between African and European descent populations. Patterns in IOP suggest some similarities between races, with a significant inverse relationship between age and IOP only in Asian populations. Genetic differences have been suggested to play a role in these differences, however, a clear genetic pattern is yet to be established. POAG pathogenesis differs between Asians and other ethnicities, and it may differ within the broad classification of the Asian race. Greater awareness and further research are needed to improve treatment plans and outcomes for the increasingly high prevalence of normal tension glaucoma within aging Asian populations.

Keywords: Asian population; cornea; genetics; glaucoma; intraocular pressure; normal tension glaucoma; optic nerve head; primary open angle glaucoma; race; retina.

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Conflict of interest statement

Alon Harris would like to disclose that he received remuneration from AdOM, Qlaris, Luseed, and Cipla for serving as a consultant, and he serves on the board of AdOM, Qlaris, and Phileas Pharma. Alon Harris holds an ownership interest in AdOM, Luseed, Oxymap, Qlaris, Phileas Pharma, SlitLed, and QuLent. All relationships listed above are pursuant to Icahn School of Medicine’s policy on outside activities. The contribution of the author Francesco Oddone was supported by Fondazione Roma and by the Italian Ministry of Health. None of the other authors listed have any financial disclosures. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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