. 2022 Apr 25;14(9):1741.

doi: 10.3390/polym14091741.

Microstructure Study and Linear/Nonlinear Optical Performance of Bi-Embedded PVP/PVA Films for Optoelectronic and Optical Cut-Off Applications

H Elhosiny Ali^{1

2

3}, Mohammad Abdel-Aziz⁴, Ashraf Mahmoud Ibrahiem^{1

5}, Mahmoud A Sayed^{1

6}, Hisham S M Abd-Rabboh^{7

8}, Nasser S Awwad⁷, Hamed Algarni¹, Mohd Shkir^{1

9

10}, M Yasmin Khairy²

Affiliations

¹ Advanced Functional Materials & Optoelectronic Laboratory (AFMOL), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
² Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
³ Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt.
⁵ Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt.
⁶ Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
⁷ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
⁸ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
⁹ Department of Chemistry and University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India.
¹⁰ School of Science and Technology, Glocal University, Saharanpur 247001, Uttar Pradesh, India.

PMID: 35566911
PMCID: PMC9104475
DOI: 10.3390/polym14091741

Microstructure Study and Linear/Nonlinear Optical Performance of Bi-Embedded PVP/PVA Films for Optoelectronic and Optical Cut-Off Applications

H Elhosiny Ali et al. Polymers (Basel). 2022.

. 2022 Apr 25;14(9):1741.

doi: 10.3390/polym14091741.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Advanced Functional Materials & Optoelectronic Laboratory (AFMOL), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
² Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
³ Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt.
⁵ Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt.
⁶ Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
⁷ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
⁸ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
⁹ Department of Chemistry and University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India.
¹⁰ School of Science and Technology, Glocal University, Saharanpur 247001, Uttar Pradesh, India.

PMID: 35566911
PMCID: PMC9104475
DOI: 10.3390/polym14091741

Abstract

Hybrid polymer films of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) embedded with gradient levels of Bi-powder were prepared using a conventional solution casting process. XRD, FTIR, and SEM techniques have been used to examine the micro/molecular structure and morphology of the synthesized flexible films. The intensities of the diffraction peaks and transmission spectrum of the PVP/PVA gradually declined with the introduction of Bi-metal. In addition, filler changes the microstructure surface of the pure film. The modification in the microstructure leads to an enhancement in the optical absorption characteristic of the blend films. The indirect allowed transition energy was calculated via Tauc's and ASF (Absorption Spectra Fitting) models. The decrease in the hybrid film's bandgap returns to the localized states in the forbidden region, which led the present films to be suitable for photo-electric, solar cell, etc., applications. The relation between the transition energy and the refractive index was studied. The enhancement in the refractive index with Bi-metal concentrations led to use the as-prepared films in optical sensors. The rise of Bi-metal concentrations leads also to the improvement of the nonlinear susceptibility and refractive parameters. The optical limiting characteristics revealed that the higher concentration dopant films reduce the light transmission intensity which is appropriate for laser attenuation and optical limiting in photonic devices. The results suggest that hybrid films are promising materials in a wide range of opto-electronic applications.

Keywords: L/NL optical parameters; PVA/PVP; SEM; XRD/FTIR; optical absorption parameters; optical limiting characteristic (OLC); optical transition bandgap (${E_{{gi}}^{{opt}} }$).

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest in the current article.

Figures

**Figure 1**
XRD patterns of pristine PVA, PVP/PVA blend, Bi-metal powder, and Bi-blend hybrid samples.

**Figure 2**
Deconvoluted XRD patterns of pure and composite films.

**Figure 3**
FTIR spectra of pristine PVA, PVP/PVA blend, and Bi-blend hybrid films.

**Figure 4**
SEM micrographs of the synthesized polymer (a) PVA/PVP, (b) 1Bi-blend, (c) 2Bi-blend, (d) 3Bi-blend, and (e) 4Bi-blend.

**Figure 5**
UV–Vis-NIR spectra of pristine PVA, PVP/PVA blend, and Bi-blend hybrid films (a) transmittance and (b) absorbance.

**Figure 6**
Variation of the coefficient of optical absorption (α) via the photon energy (hν) of pristine PVA, PVP/PVA blend, and Bi-blend hybrid films.

**Figure 7**
Variation of lnα versus the photon energy (hν) of pristine PVA, PVP/PVA blend, and Bi-blend hybrid films.

**Figure 8**
Indirect (a) and direct (b) optical energy band gaps of pristine PVA, PVP/PVA blend, and Bi-blend hybrid films.

**Figure 9**
Variation of (Abs/λ)^1/2 versus λ⁻¹ of pristine PVA, PVP/PVA blend, and Bi-blend hybrid films.

**Figure 10**
Variation of the average indirect optical band gap, $E_{o p t}^{a v}$ , vs Urbach energy, $E_{u}$ , of pristine PVP/PVA blend, and Bi-blend hybrid films.

**Figure 11**
Variation of extinction (k) coefficient versus the photon wavelength (λ) of pristine PVP/PVA blend, and Bi-blend hybrid films.

**Figure 12**
Variation of refractive index, n optical energy gap, $E_{A S F}^{o p t}$ , of pristine PVA, PVP/PVA blend, and Bi-blend hybrid films.

**Figure 13**
Non-linear optical parameters $χ^{(1)}$ , $χ^{(3)}$ , and n₂ for pristine PVA, PVA/PVP blend, and Bi-blend hybrid films.

**Figure 14**
(a) Output power, and (b) normalized power for Bi-blend hybrid films.

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References

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Microstructure Study and Linear/Nonlinear Optical Performance of Bi-Embedded PVP/PVA Films for Optoelectronic and Optical Cut-Off Applications

Affiliations

Microstructure Study and Linear/Nonlinear Optical Performance of Bi-Embedded PVP/PVA Films for Optoelectronic and Optical Cut-Off Applications

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

References

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Miscellaneous