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. 2022 Apr 29;11(9):1203.
doi: 10.3390/plants11091203.

Comparison of the Antioxidant Activity of Propolis Samples from Different Geographical Regions

Anna Kurek-Górecka  1 , Şaban Keskin  2 , Otilia Bobis  3 , Rafael Felitti  4 , Michał Górecki  5 , Michał Otręba  5 , Jerzy Stojko  6 , Paweł Olczyk  1 , Sevgi Kolayli  7 , Anna Rzepecka-Stojko  5
Affiliations

Comparison of the Antioxidant Activity of Propolis Samples from Different Geographical Regions

Anna Kurek-Górecka et al. Plants (Basel). .

Abstract

Propolis composition depends on several factors. The classification of propolis is based on its geographical location, color and agricultural characteristics. It is also classified according to the flora where the bees collect the resins, which represent the raw material for propolis production. Propolis possesses high antioxidant activity determined by its phenolic compounds. Due to diverse composition and possible impact on human health, eight samples of propolis were evaluated for their phenolic composition and antioxidant activity. Samples of Polish, Romanian, Turkish and Uruguayan origin propolis were used for phenolic spectrum determination using high performance liquid chromatography and photodiode array detection and in vitro DPPH and ABTS methods were used to determine the antioxidant activity of the extracts. PCA and HCA models were applied to evaluate the correlation between isolated polyphenols and antioxidant activity. The results confirmed variability in propolis composition depending on the geographical region of collection and the plant sources, and correlation between chemical composition and antioxidant activity. Results of PCA and HCA analyses confirm that Polish propolis is similar to that from different provinces of Romania, while Turkish and Uruguay are completely different. Polish and Romanian propolis belong to the poplar type. The assessed phenolic compounds of propolis samples used in the study are responsible for its antioxidant effect. The observed antioxidant activity of the analyzed samples may suggest directing subsequent research on prophylactic and therapeutic properties concerning cardiovascular, metabolic, neurodegenerative, and cancerous diseases, which are worth continuing.

Keywords: antioxidant activity; flavonoids; phenolic acids; propolis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Percentage of remaining DPPH radical at different propolis samples (URU—Uruguayan, TUR—Turkish, POL—Polish, RO 1–5—Romanian) and known antioxidants such as: butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) and ascorbic acid (ASCORB). The standard deviation (SD) of the three independent determinations of each concentration of each propolis samples has not exceeded the values as follows: URU ± 4.7, TUR ± 3.0, POL ± 3.4, RO1 ± 7.0, RO2 ± 3.1, RO3 ± 5.6, RO4 ± 4.8, RO5 ± 4.4. Points on graphs represent the average.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The percentage of ABTS radical cation inhibition at different propolis samples and calculated TEAC values (URU—Uruguayan, TUR—Turkish, POL—Polish, RO 1–5—Romanian). Error bars represent the standard deviation (SD) of the three independent determinations.
Figure 3
Figure 3
HCA dendrogram obtained by analysis of bioactive compounds identified in tested propolis samples.
Figure 4
Figure 4
HCA dendrogram obtained by analysis of propolis of different origin.
Figure 5
Figure 5
PCA score plot obtained by analysis of bioactive compounds identified in tested propolis samples. This PCA was based on analysis of detected bioactive compounds derived from different propolis samples.
Figure 6
Figure 6
PCA score plot obtained by analysis of propolis of different origin. This PCA was based on analysis of different propolis samples analyzed in terms of the total amount of detected bioactive compounds.
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