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. 2022 Jun:102:106670.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2022.106670. Epub 2022 May 13.

Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 variants XD, XE, and XF: The emergence of recombinant variants requires an urgent call for research - Correspondence

Chiranjib Chakraborty  1 , Manojit Bhattacharya  2 , Ashish Ranjan Sharma  3 , Kuldeep Dhama  4
Affiliations

Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 variants XD, XE, and XF: The emergence of recombinant variants requires an urgent call for research - Correspondence

Chiranjib Chakraborty et al. Int J Surg. 2022 Jun.
No abstract available

Keywords: Call for research; Recombinant variants; XD; XE; XF.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

All authors report no conflicts of interest relevant to this article.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The diagram shows the schematic representation of the origin and genetic elements of recombinant variants XD, XE, and XF. The figure also describes the country-wise molecular phylogenetic of XD and spill over of the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 variants XD (a) Schematic representation of the origin of the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 variants XD, XE, and XF. The diagram illustrated the origin of the XD from Delta (AY.4) and Omicron BA.1 variant, the origin of XE from two Omicron variants (Omicron BA.1 and Omicron BA.2 variant), and the origin of XF from Delta and the Omicron BA.1 variant. (b) The figure represents the genome of XD variant. It also describes the genomic elements of Delta and Omicron BA.1 variants which are participated in recombinant XD variant's genome development. (c) The figure represents the genome of the XE variant. It also illustrates the genomic elements of Omicron BA.1 and Omicron BA.2 variants which are participated in the recombinant XE variant's genome creation. (d) The figure represents the genome of the XF variant. The figure also describes the genomic elements of Delta and Omicron BA.1 variants which are participated in the recombinant XF variant's genome development. (e) A phylodynamics of the XD variant which was detected in France and was developed using GISAID. The phylogenetic tree was depicted by GISAID. To show the country-wise relationship among the recombinant XD variant sequences of SARS-CoV-2. It is showing 47 genomes collected from January 2022 to February 2022 (As per the GISAID server) that have been used to develop the phylogenetic tree. (f) Figure shows the transmission pattern of the XD variant. It shows the variant spill over from France to the neighboring countries in Europe, and the variant is circulated to adjacent countries such as Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, and France. Fig. 1e and f are based on GISAID open data source.
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The diagram shows the schematic representation of the origin and genetic elements of recombinant variants XD, XE, and XF. The figure also describes the country-wise molecular phylogenetic of XD and spill over of the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 variants XD (a) Schematic representation of the origin of the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 variants XD, XE, and XF. The diagram illustrated the origin of the XD from Delta (AY.4) and Omicron BA.1 variant, the origin of XE from two Omicron variants (Omicron BA.1 and Omicron BA.2 variant), and the origin of XF from Delta and the Omicron BA.1 variant. (b) The figure represents the genome of XD variant. It also describes the genomic elements of Delta and Omicron BA.1 variants which are participated in recombinant XD variant's genome development. (c) The figure represents the genome of the XE variant. It also illustrates the genomic elements of Omicron BA.1 and Omicron BA.2 variants which are participated in the recombinant XE variant's genome creation. (d) The figure represents the genome of the XF variant. The figure also describes the genomic elements of Delta and Omicron BA.1 variants which are participated in the recombinant XF variant's genome development. (e) A phylodynamics of the XD variant which was detected in France and was developed using GISAID. The phylogenetic tree was depicted by GISAID. To show the country-wise relationship among the recombinant XD variant sequences of SARS-CoV-2. It is showing 47 genomes collected from January 2022 to February 2022 (As per the GISAID server) that have been used to develop the phylogenetic tree. (f) Figure shows the transmission pattern of the XD variant. It shows the variant spill over from France to the neighboring countries in Europe, and the variant is circulated to adjacent countries such as Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, and France. Fig. 1e and f are based on GISAID open data source.
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The diagram shows the schematic representation of the origin and genetic elements of recombinant variants XD, XE, and XF. The figure also describes the country-wise molecular phylogenetic of XD and spill over of the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 variants XD (a) Schematic representation of the origin of the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 variants XD, XE, and XF. The diagram illustrated the origin of the XD from Delta (AY.4) and Omicron BA.1 variant, the origin of XE from two Omicron variants (Omicron BA.1 and Omicron BA.2 variant), and the origin of XF from Delta and the Omicron BA.1 variant. (b) The figure represents the genome of XD variant. It also describes the genomic elements of Delta and Omicron BA.1 variants which are participated in recombinant XD variant's genome development. (c) The figure represents the genome of the XE variant. It also illustrates the genomic elements of Omicron BA.1 and Omicron BA.2 variants which are participated in the recombinant XE variant's genome creation. (d) The figure represents the genome of the XF variant. The figure also describes the genomic elements of Delta and Omicron BA.1 variants which are participated in the recombinant XF variant's genome development. (e) A phylodynamics of the XD variant which was detected in France and was developed using GISAID. The phylogenetic tree was depicted by GISAID. To show the country-wise relationship among the recombinant XD variant sequences of SARS-CoV-2. It is showing 47 genomes collected from January 2022 to February 2022 (As per the GISAID server) that have been used to develop the phylogenetic tree. (f) Figure shows the transmission pattern of the XD variant. It shows the variant spill over from France to the neighboring countries in Europe, and the variant is circulated to adjacent countries such as Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, and France. Fig. 1e and f are based on GISAID open data source.
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The diagram shows the schematic representation of the origin and genetic elements of recombinant variants XD, XE, and XF. The figure also describes the country-wise molecular phylogenetic of XD and spill over of the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 variants XD (a) Schematic representation of the origin of the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 variants XD, XE, and XF. The diagram illustrated the origin of the XD from Delta (AY.4) and Omicron BA.1 variant, the origin of XE from two Omicron variants (Omicron BA.1 and Omicron BA.2 variant), and the origin of XF from Delta and the Omicron BA.1 variant. (b) The figure represents the genome of XD variant. It also describes the genomic elements of Delta and Omicron BA.1 variants which are participated in recombinant XD variant's genome development. (c) The figure represents the genome of the XE variant. It also illustrates the genomic elements of Omicron BA.1 and Omicron BA.2 variants which are participated in the recombinant XE variant's genome creation. (d) The figure represents the genome of the XF variant. The figure also describes the genomic elements of Delta and Omicron BA.1 variants which are participated in the recombinant XF variant's genome development. (e) A phylodynamics of the XD variant which was detected in France and was developed using GISAID. The phylogenetic tree was depicted by GISAID. To show the country-wise relationship among the recombinant XD variant sequences of SARS-CoV-2. It is showing 47 genomes collected from January 2022 to February 2022 (As per the GISAID server) that have been used to develop the phylogenetic tree. (f) Figure shows the transmission pattern of the XD variant. It shows the variant spill over from France to the neighboring countries in Europe, and the variant is circulated to adjacent countries such as Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, and France. Fig. 1e and f are based on GISAID open data source.
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The diagram shows the schematic representation of the origin and genetic elements of recombinant variants XD, XE, and XF. The figure also describes the country-wise molecular phylogenetic of XD and spill over of the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 variants XD (a) Schematic representation of the origin of the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 variants XD, XE, and XF. The diagram illustrated the origin of the XD from Delta (AY.4) and Omicron BA.1 variant, the origin of XE from two Omicron variants (Omicron BA.1 and Omicron BA.2 variant), and the origin of XF from Delta and the Omicron BA.1 variant. (b) The figure represents the genome of XD variant. It also describes the genomic elements of Delta and Omicron BA.1 variants which are participated in recombinant XD variant's genome development. (c) The figure represents the genome of the XE variant. It also illustrates the genomic elements of Omicron BA.1 and Omicron BA.2 variants which are participated in the recombinant XE variant's genome creation. (d) The figure represents the genome of the XF variant. The figure also describes the genomic elements of Delta and Omicron BA.1 variants which are participated in the recombinant XF variant's genome development. (e) A phylodynamics of the XD variant which was detected in France and was developed using GISAID. The phylogenetic tree was depicted by GISAID. To show the country-wise relationship among the recombinant XD variant sequences of SARS-CoV-2. It is showing 47 genomes collected from January 2022 to February 2022 (As per the GISAID server) that have been used to develop the phylogenetic tree. (f) Figure shows the transmission pattern of the XD variant. It shows the variant spill over from France to the neighboring countries in Europe, and the variant is circulated to adjacent countries such as Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, and France. Fig. 1e and f are based on GISAID open data source.
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The diagram shows the schematic representation of the origin and genetic elements of recombinant variants XD, XE, and XF. The figure also describes the country-wise molecular phylogenetic of XD and spill over of the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 variants XD (a) Schematic representation of the origin of the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 variants XD, XE, and XF. The diagram illustrated the origin of the XD from Delta (AY.4) and Omicron BA.1 variant, the origin of XE from two Omicron variants (Omicron BA.1 and Omicron BA.2 variant), and the origin of XF from Delta and the Omicron BA.1 variant. (b) The figure represents the genome of XD variant. It also describes the genomic elements of Delta and Omicron BA.1 variants which are participated in recombinant XD variant's genome development. (c) The figure represents the genome of the XE variant. It also illustrates the genomic elements of Omicron BA.1 and Omicron BA.2 variants which are participated in the recombinant XE variant's genome creation. (d) The figure represents the genome of the XF variant. The figure also describes the genomic elements of Delta and Omicron BA.1 variants which are participated in the recombinant XF variant's genome development. (e) A phylodynamics of the XD variant which was detected in France and was developed using GISAID. The phylogenetic tree was depicted by GISAID. To show the country-wise relationship among the recombinant XD variant sequences of SARS-CoV-2. It is showing 47 genomes collected from January 2022 to February 2022 (As per the GISAID server) that have been used to develop the phylogenetic tree. (f) Figure shows the transmission pattern of the XD variant. It shows the variant spill over from France to the neighboring countries in Europe, and the variant is circulated to adjacent countries such as Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, and France. Fig. 1e and f are based on GISAID open data source.
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