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. 2022 Feb 11;6(3):421-428.
doi: 10.1016/j.jseint.2022.01.005. eCollection 2022 May.

Walch B2 glenoids: 2-dimensional vs 3-dimensional comparison of humeral head subluxation and glenoid retroversion

Lionel Neyton  1 , Falk Gröger  2 , Simon Rattier  3 , Yoshihiro Hirakawa  4
Affiliations

Walch B2 glenoids: 2-dimensional vs 3-dimensional comparison of humeral head subluxation and glenoid retroversion

Lionel Neyton et al. JSES Int. .

Abstract

Background: The posterior subluxation and glenoid version in Walch B2 glenoids are routinely assessed by 2-dimensional (2D) computed tomography (CT). Different methods of calculation are used to analyze these parameters. Alternatively, the rising use of 3-dimensional (3D) planification tools in arthroplasty requires the clarification if the 3D measurements are equivalent to 2D. The aim of this study was to compare B2 glenoids characteristics between 2D CT assessment method and 3D automated software method.

Methods: CT scans from patients who underwent a shoulder arthroplasty were identified. In the 2D method, measurement of glenoid version was determined. Measurement of the humeral head subluxation (HHS) (scapula axis method) was determined by the percentage of the humeral head posterior to the Friedman line (scapula axis). Three-dimensional analysis allowed an automated segmentation of the humerus and scapula, definition of scapular planes, and determination of glenoid version and HHS.

Results: Fifty-one CT scans met inclusion criteria. The intraobserver and interobserver reliability of the 2D retroversion (RV) and 2D HHS intraclass correlation coefficient was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient>0.9).The median RV was 16° [12-20] in 2D and 19° [16-23] in 3D (P < .0001). The median subluxation was 71% [66-75] in 2D and 81% [78-86] in 3D (P < .0001). Linear regression analysis demonstrated low positive correlation between RV and subluxation in 2D and 3D (R2 = 0.31 and R2 = 0.23, respectively).

Discussion/conclusion: The assessment of version and HHS in Walch B2 glenoids between 2D CT and a 3D planification were significantly different. Low correlation between RV and HHS was observed (2D and 3D assessment).

Keywords: 2D vs 3D; B2 glenoid; Humeral subluxation; Planification software; Retroversion; Shoulder arthritis.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Measurement of glenoid version according to the Friedman technique adapted to the biconcave glenoid. (b) Measurement of humeral head subluxation according to the Scapula axis method., Subluxation ratio = A/D.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) Glenoid retroversion. The version angle is automatically computed as the angulation between the scapular plane and the glenoid best-fit sphere centerline projected on the transverse scapular plane. (b) Humeral head (HH) subluxation in 3D. The percentage of HH subluxation according to the scapular plane was calculated by dividing the 3D volumetric portion of the humeral head posterior to the scapular plane by the whole volume of the HH. 2D, 2-dimensional; 3D, 3-dimensional.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) Retroversion: correlation between 2D and 3D (Glenosys). (b) Analysis with the Bland and Altman method of concordance between 2D retroversion and 3D retroversion. 2D, 2-dimensional; 3D, 3-dimensional.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) Humeral head subluxation: correlation between 2D and 3D (Glenosys). (b) Analysis with the Bland and Altman method of concordance between 2D subluxation and 3D subluxation. 2D, 2-dimensional; 3D, 3-dimensional.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) Correlation between retroversion and subluxation in 2D. (b) Correlation between retroversion and subluxation in 3D (Glenosys). 2D, 2-dimensional; 3D, 3-dimensional.
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