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Review
. 2022 Aug;30(8):889-898.
doi: 10.1038/s41431-022-01108-8. Epub 2022 May 16.

A comprehensive SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 review, Part 1: Intracellular overdrive for SARS-CoV-2 infection

David A Jamison Jr #  1 , S Anand Narayanan #  2   3 , Nídia S Trovão  1   4 , Joseph W Guarnieri  1   5 , Michael J Topper  1   6 , Pedro M Moraes-Vieira  1   7   8   9 , Viktorija Zaksas  1   10 , Keshav K Singh  1   11 , Eve Syrkin Wurtele  1   12 , Afshin Beheshti  13   14   15
Affiliations
Review

A comprehensive SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 review, Part 1: Intracellular overdrive for SARS-CoV-2 infection

David A Jamison Jr et al. Eur J Hum Genet. 2022 Aug.

Abstract

COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, has claimed approximately 5 million lives and 257 million cases reported globally. This virus and disease have significantly affected people worldwide, whether directly and/or indirectly, with a virulent pathogen that continues to evolve as we race to learn how to prevent, control, or cure COVID-19. The focus of this review is on the SARS-CoV-2 virus' mechanism of infection and its proclivity at adapting and restructuring the intracellular environment to support viral replication. We highlight current knowledge and how scientific communities with expertize in viral, cellular, and clinical biology have contributed to increase our understanding of SARS-CoV-2, and how these findings may help explain the widely varied clinical observations of COVID-19 patients.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. SARS-CoV-2 structure.
Structural elements of the virus, including the spike protein, envelope, membrane, and internal components such as the viral single-stranded RNA and nucleocapsid proteins (above). SARS-CoV-2 genome components (below).
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. SARS-CoV-2 binding, intracellular internalization, and intracellular processes.
Structural interactions between the virus and target cell, including the viral spike protein, ACE2-receptor, TMPRSS2 reaction to cleave and begin the viral intracellular internalization (above, A), and consequent signal transduction pathways stimulated by the virus as it hijacks pathways to turn the infected cell into a SARS-CoV-2 producing factory (below, B).
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. SARS-CoV-2 effects on Ca2+ signaling.
Structural elements of the virus, including the spike protein, envelope, membrane, and internal components such as the viral single-stranded RNA and nucleocapsid proteins (above).
Fig. 4
Fig. 4. SARS-CoV-2 viral internalization & cellular hijacking.
Metabolic pathways and shifts that lead to cellular dysregulation and viral activation to lead towards viral replication (above).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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