Review

. 2022 Aug;71(8):1669-1683.

doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327099. Epub 2022 May 17.

Clinical relevance of biomarkers in cholangiocarcinoma: critical revision and future directions

Rocio I R Macias^{1

2}, Vincenzo Cardinale³, Timothy J Kendall⁴, Matias A Avila^{2

5}, Maria Guido⁶, Cedric Coulouarn⁷, Chiara Braconi⁸, Adam E Frampton⁹, John Bridgewater¹⁰, Diletta Overi¹¹, Stephen P Pereira¹², Marco Rengo¹³, Jakob N Kather¹⁴, Angela Lamarca¹⁵, Federica Pedica¹⁶, Alejandro Forner^{2

17}, Juan W Valle¹⁵, Eugenio Gaudio¹¹, Domenico Alvaro¹⁸, Jesus M Banales^{2

19

20}, Guido Carpino²¹

Affiliations

¹ Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM) group, University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain.
² Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
³ Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
⁴ Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
⁵ Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
⁶ Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
⁷ UMR_S 1242, COSS, Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, INSERM University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France.
⁸ Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
⁹ Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK.
¹⁰ Department of Medical Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK.
¹¹ Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
¹² Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK.
¹³ Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
¹⁴ Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
¹⁵ Medical Oncology/Institute of Cancer Sciences, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust/University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
¹⁶ Department of Pathology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
¹⁷ BCLC group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic Barcelona. IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
¹⁸ Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
¹⁹ Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Ikerbasque, San Sebastian, Spain.
²⁰ Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
²¹ Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome 'Foro Italico', Rome, Italy guido.carpino@uniroma1.it.

PMID: 35580963
DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327099

Free article

Review

Clinical relevance of biomarkers in cholangiocarcinoma: critical revision and future directions

Rocio I R Macias et al. Gut. 2022 Aug.

Free article

. 2022 Aug;71(8):1669-1683.

doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327099. Epub 2022 May 17.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM) group, University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain.
² Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
³ Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
⁴ Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
⁵ Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
⁶ Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
⁷ UMR_S 1242, COSS, Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, INSERM University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France.
⁸ Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
⁹ Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK.
¹⁰ Department of Medical Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK.
¹¹ Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
¹² Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK.
¹³ Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
¹⁴ Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
¹⁵ Medical Oncology/Institute of Cancer Sciences, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust/University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
¹⁶ Department of Pathology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
¹⁷ BCLC group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic Barcelona. IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
¹⁸ Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
¹⁹ Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Ikerbasque, San Sebastian, Spain.
²⁰ Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
²¹ Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome 'Foro Italico', Rome, Italy guido.carpino@uniroma1.it.

PMID: 35580963
DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327099

Abstract

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant tumour arising from the biliary system. In Europe, this tumour frequently presents as a sporadic cancer in patients without defined risk factors and is usually diagnosed at advanced stages with a consequent poor prognosis. Therefore, the identification of biomarkers represents an utmost need for patients with CCA. Numerous studies proposed a wide spectrum of biomarkers at tissue and molecular levels. With the present paper, a multidisciplinary group of experts within the European Network for the Study of Cholangiocarcinoma discusses the clinical role of tissue biomarkers and provides a selection based on their current relevance and potential applications in the framework of CCA. Recent advances are proposed by dividing biomarkers based on their potential role in diagnosis, prognosis and therapy response. Limitations of current biomarkers are also identified, together with specific promising areas (ie, artificial intelligence, patient-derived organoids, targeted therapy) where research should be focused to develop future biomarkers.

Keywords: CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA; HEPATOBILIARY CANCER; TUMOUR MARKERS.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: Dr Angela Lamarca reports travel and educational support from Ipsen, Pfizer, Bayer, AAA, Sirtex, Novartis, Mylan and Delcath; Speaker honoraria from Merck, Pfizer, Ipsen, Incyte, AAA, QED, Servier, Astra Zeneca and EISAI; Advisory and consultancy honoraria from EISAI, Nutricia Ipsen, QED, Roche, Servier, Boston Scientific and Albireo Pharma; Member of the Knowledge Network and NETConnect Initiatives funded by Ipsen.Alejandro Forner: Lecture fees from Bayer, Gilead, Roche, Boston Scientific and MSD; consultancy fees from Bayer, AstraZeneca, Roche, Boston Scientific, SIRTEX, Exact Science and Guerbert.Chiara Braconi (or family members) received honoraria from Incyte, Merck-Serono, EliLilly, Pfizer, Roche.Jakob N Kather has provided consulting services for Owkin, France and Panakeia, UK and has received honoraria by MSD, Eisai and Falk Pharma.

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Clinical relevance of biomarkers in cholangiocarcinoma: critical revision and future directions

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Clinical relevance of biomarkers in cholangiocarcinoma: critical revision and future directions

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