Review

. 2023 Jun;37(6):428-437.

doi: 10.1038/s41371-022-00690-0. Epub 2022 May 17.

2022 World Hypertension League, Resolve To Save Lives and International Society of Hypertension dietary sodium (salt) global call to action

Norm R C Campbell^{1

2}, Paul K Whelton^{3

4}, Marcelo Orias^{5

6

7}, Richard D Wainford^{8

9}, Francesco P Cappuccio^{10

11}, Nicole Ide¹², Bruce Neal^{13

14

15}, Jennifer Cohn¹², Laura K Cobb¹², Jacqui Webster^{13

15}, Kathy Trieu^{13

15}, Feng J He¹⁶, Rachael M McLean¹⁷, Adriana Blanco-Metzler¹⁸, Mark Woodward^{13

14

15}, Nadia Khan^{19

20}, Yoshihiro Kokubo^{21

22}, Leo Nederveen²³, JoAnne Arcand²⁴, Graham A MacGregor^{25

26

27

28

16}, Mayowa O Owolabi^{29

30

31

32}, Liu Lisheng³³, Gianfranco Parati^{34

35

36}, Daniel T Lackland^{37

38}, Fadi J Charchar^{39

40

41

42}, Bryan Williams^{43

44}, Maciej Tomaszewski^{45

46

47}, Cesar A Romero^{48

49}, Beatriz Champagne⁵⁰, Mary R L'Abbe^{51

52}, Michael A Weber^{53

54}, Markus P Schlaich^{55

56}, Agnes Fogo^{57

58}, Valery L Feigin^{59

60}, Rufus Akinyemi^{61

62}, Felipe Inserra^{63

64}, Bindu Menon⁶⁵, Marcia Simas⁶⁶, Mario Fritsch Neves^{67

68}, Krassimira Hristova^{69

70

71

72}, Carolyn Pullen⁷³, Sanjay Pandeya⁷⁴, Junbo Ge⁷⁵, Jorge E Jalil^{76

77}, Ji-Guang Wang^{78

79}, Jiri Wideimsky⁸⁰, Reinhold Kreutz^{81

82}, Ulrich Wenzel⁸³, Michael Stowasser⁸⁴, Manuel Arango⁸⁵, Athanasios Protogerou^{86

87}, Eugenia Gkaliagkousi^{88

89}, Flávio Danni Fuchs^{90

91}, Mansi Patil^{92

93}, Andy Wai-Kwong Chan⁹⁴, János Nemcsik^{95

96}, Ross T Tsuyuki⁹⁷, Sanjeevi Nathamuni Narasingan^{98

99}, Nizal Sarrafzadegan^{100

101

102}, María Eugenia Ramos¹⁰³, Natalie Yeo^{104

105}, Hiromi Rakugi¹⁰⁶, Agustin J Ramirez^{107

108}, Guillermo Álvarez^{109

110}, Adel Berbari¹¹¹, Cho-Il Kim^{112

113}, Sang-Hyun Ihm^{114

115}, Yook-Chin Chia^{116

117

118}, Tsolmon Unurjargal^{119

120}, Hye Kyung Park¹²¹, Kolawole Wahab^{122

123}, Helen McGuire¹²⁴, Naranjargal J Dashdorj¹²⁵, Mohammed Ishaq^{126

127

128}, Deborah Ignacia D Ona^{129

130}, Leilani B Mercado-Asis^{99

131

132}, Aleksander Prejbisz^{133

134}, Marianne Leenaerts¹³⁵, Carla Simão¹³⁶, Fernando Pinto¹³⁷, Bader Ali Almustafa¹³⁸, Jonas Spaak^{139

140}, Stefan Farsky¹⁴¹, Dragan Lovic^{142

143}, Xin-Hua Zhang¹⁴⁴

Affiliations

¹ Special Advisor to the board, and Past president (ex officio), World Hypertension League, Hong Kong, China. ncampbel@ucalgary.ca.
² Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. ncampbel@ucalgary.ca.
³ President-Elect, World Hypertension League, Hong Kong, China.
⁴ Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
⁵ Vice President, World Hypertension League, Hong Kong, China.
⁶ Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
⁷ Sanatorio Allende, Córdoba, Argentina.
⁸ Chair, International Society of Hypertension, Membership Committee, International Society of Hypertension, Colchester, UK.
⁹ Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
¹⁰ Past President, British and Irish Hypertension Society, Edinburgh, UK.
¹¹ University of Warwick, WHO Collaborating Centre for Nutrition, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK.
¹² Resolve to Save Lives, an Initiative of Vital Strategies, New York, NY, USA.
¹³ WHO Collaborating Centre on Population Salt Reduction, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
¹⁴ The George Institute for Global Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, Paddington, London, UK.
¹⁵ The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
¹⁶ Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
¹⁷ Department of Preventive & Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
¹⁸ Costa Rican Institute of Research and Teaching in Nutrition and Health (INCIENSA), Tres Rios, Costa Rica.
¹⁹ Officer at Large, International Society of Hypertension, Chair International Society of Hypertension Research and Education Committee, International Society of Hypertension, Colchester, UK.
²⁰ Center for Health Evaluation and Outcomes Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
²¹ International Society of Hypertension Education Lead, Colchester, UK.
²² Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan.
²³ Advisor Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity in Schools, Pan American Health Organization, Washington DC, MD, USA.
²⁴ Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON, Canada.
²⁵ Chair, Action on Salt, London, UK.
²⁶ Chair, Action on Sugar, London, UK.
²⁷ Chair, World Action on Salt Sugar and Health (WASSH), London, UK.
²⁸ Chair Blood Pressure UK, London, UK.
²⁹ Board member, Director (Sub-Saharan Africa), World Hypertension League, Hong Kong, China.
³⁰ Dean, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Director Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
³¹ World Stroke Organization Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
³² Lead Co-Chair Lancet Commission on Stroke, London, UK.
³³ Past President (ex officio), World Hypertension League, Hong Kong, China.
³⁴ Secretary-General, World Hypertension League, Hong Kong, China.
³⁵ Italian Society of Arterial Hypertension, Milan, Italy.
³⁶ Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca and IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.
³⁷ Past President, World Hypertension League, Hong Kong, China.
³⁸ Division of Translational Neurosciences and Population Studies, Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
³⁹ Treasurer, International Society of Hypertension, Colchester, UK.
⁴⁰ Health Innovation and Transformation Centre, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, Australia.
⁴¹ Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
⁴² Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
⁴³ Secretary, International Society of Hypertension, Colchester, UK.
⁴⁴ University College London, NIHR University College London, Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.
⁴⁵ President, International Society of Hypertension, Colchester, UK.
⁴⁶ Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
⁴⁷ Manchester Heart Centre and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
⁴⁸ Chair, International Society of Hypertension Regional Advisory Group - Americas Colchester, Colchester, UK.
⁴⁹ Department of Internal Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
⁵⁰ Director, Coalición Latinoamérica Saludable (CLAS), McKinney, TX, USA.
⁵¹ Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
⁵² Director, WHO Collaborating Centre on Nutrition Policy for Chronic Disease Prevention, Toronto, ON, Canada.
⁵³ Advisor, Executive Committee, World Hypertension League, Hong Kong, China.
⁵⁴ Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
⁵⁵ President, High Blood Pressure Research Council of Australia, Tuggerah, NSW, Australia.
⁵⁶ Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
⁵⁷ President, International Society of Nephrology, Brussels, Belgium.
⁵⁸ Professor of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Professor of Medicine, John L. Shapiro Chair of Pathology, Professor of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
⁵⁹ Co-Chair Global Policy Committee, member of the Executive Committee, World Stroke Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
⁶⁰ Director of National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
⁶¹ Founding Chair, Steering Committee, African Stroke Organization, Ibadan, Nigeria.
⁶² Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training and Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
⁶³ Past President, Argentine Society of Arterial Hypertension, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
⁶⁴ Advisor to the Academic Vice-Chancellor, Maimonides University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
⁶⁵ Founder and Secretary, Dr Bindu Menon Foundation (India), Nellore, India.
⁶⁶ Nutritionist, Brazilian Society of Hypertension, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
⁶⁷ Past President, Brazilian Society of Hypertension, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
⁶⁸ Full Professor of Internal Medicine and Director of the Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
⁶⁹ Board member, Director - Eastern European Regional Office, World Hypertension League, Hong Kong, China.
⁷⁰ Member, Research and Education Committee, International Society of Hypertension, Colchester, UK.
⁷¹ Bulgarian League of Hypertension, President of Bulgarian Society of Cardiovascular Imaging, Sofia, Bulgaria.
⁷² Sofia University, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Cardiovascular diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria.
⁷³ Chief Executive Officer, Canadian Cardiovascular Society, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
⁷⁴ President, Canadian Society of Nephrology, Montreal, QC, Canada.
⁷⁵ President, Cardiology Branch, Chinese Medical Doctors Association, Beijing, China.
⁷⁶ President, Chilean Society of Hypertension, Santiago, Chile.
⁷⁷ Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Division de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
⁷⁸ President, Chinese Hypertension League, Beijing, China.
⁷⁹ The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
⁸⁰ President, Czech Society of Hypertension, Prague, Czech Republic.
⁸¹ President, European Society of Hypertension, Zug, Switzerland.
⁸² Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Berlin, Germany.
⁸³ Chairman of the Board, German Society of Hypertension, Heidelberg, Germany.
⁸⁴ Past President, Treasurer, High Blood Pressure Research Council of Australia, Tuggerah, NSW, Australia.
⁸⁵ Director, Policy and Advocacy, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
⁸⁶ Board member, Hellenic Society of Hypertension, Athens, Greece.
⁸⁷ National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
⁸⁸ Treasurer, Hellenic Society of Hypertension, Athens, Greece.
⁸⁹ Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
⁹⁰ Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
⁹¹ School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
⁹² Chief Program Officer, Hypertension and Nutrition Core Group of India Association for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (IAPEN), Maharashtra, India.
⁹³ Director of IAPEN, Maharashtra, India.
⁹⁴ President, Hong Kong College of Cardiology, Hong Kong, China.
⁹⁵ Secretary General, Hungarian Society of Hypertension, Budapest, Hungary.
⁹⁶ Department of Family Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
⁹⁷ President, Hypertension Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada.
⁹⁸ President, Indian Society of Hypertension, Lucknow, India.
⁹⁹ Board Member, World Hypertension League, Hong Kong, China.
¹⁰⁰ President Elect, Iranian Heart Federation, Tehran, Iran.
¹⁰¹ Professor of Medicine and Cardiology, Director of Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan, Iran.
¹⁰² WHO Collaborating Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
¹⁰³ Executive Director, InterAmerican Heart Foundation (IAHF), Dallas, TX, USA.
¹⁰⁴ International Council of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (ICCPR), Markham, ON, Canada.
¹⁰⁵ Singapore Heart Foundation, Singapore, Singapore.
¹⁰⁶ President, Japanese Society of Hypertension, Tokyo, Japan.
¹⁰⁷ President, Latin American Society of Hypertension, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
¹⁰⁸ Arterial Hypertension and Metabolic Unit, University Hospital, Fundacion Favaloro, Medical Sciences Faculty, University Dr. RG Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
¹⁰⁹ President, Latin American Society of Nephrology and Hypertension, Innova, Panama.
¹¹⁰ Past President of the Central American and Caribbean Association of Nephrology and Hypertension, Santa Domingo, Dominican Republic.
¹¹¹ President, Lebanese Hypertension League, Beirut, Lebanon.
¹¹² President, Korean Society of Community Nutrition, Seoul, South Korea.
¹¹³ Seoul National University Seoul, Seoul, South Korea.
¹¹⁴ President, Korean Society of Hypertension, Seoul, South Korea.
¹¹⁵ Division of Cardiology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
¹¹⁶ Immediate Past President, Malaysian Society of Hypertension, Selangor, Malaysia.
¹¹⁷ President, Malaysian Society for World Action on Salt, Sugar and Health (MyWASSH), Selangor, Malaysia.
¹¹⁸ Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Live Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
¹¹⁹ President, Mongolian Society of Hypertension, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
¹²⁰ Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
¹²¹ General Director, National Institute of Food and Nutrition Service, Seoul, South Korea.
¹²² Secretary-General, Nigerian Hypertension Society, Ibadan, Nigeria.
¹²³ Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
¹²⁴ NCD Global Program Leader, PATH, Seattle, WA, USA.
¹²⁵ Chief Executive Officer and Co-Founder Onom Foundation, Onom Foundation, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
¹²⁶ Secretary General and Founder Trustee, Pakistan Hypertension League, Karachi, Pakistan.
¹²⁷ Chair of International Society of Hypertension Regional Advisory Group South, and Central Asia, Colchester, UK.
¹²⁸ Karachi Institute of Heart Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan.
¹²⁹ President, Philippine Society of Hypertension, Pasig City, Philippines.
¹³⁰ Department of Medicine, University of the Philippines College of Medicine and St. Luke's Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines.
¹³¹ Immediate Past President, Philippine Society of Hypertension, Pasig City, Philippines.
¹³² Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines.
¹³³ President, Polish Society of Hypertension, Gdansk, Poland.
¹³⁴ Department of Hypertension, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland.
¹³⁵ Co-Director, Primary Aldosteronism Foundation, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
¹³⁶ Coordinator, Portuguese Society of Paediatric Working Group on Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents, Lisbon, Portugal.
¹³⁷ President, Portuguese Society of Hypertension, Lisbon, Portugal.
¹³⁸ Head, Continuous Professional Development, Saudi Hypertension Management Society, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
¹³⁹ President, Swedish Society for Hypertension, Stroke and Vascular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden.
¹⁴⁰ Associate Professor in Cardiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
¹⁴¹ Chairman, Slovak League against Hypertension, Bratislava, Slovakia.
¹⁴² Past President, Serbian Society of Hypertension, Nis, Serbia.
¹⁴³ Clinic for Internal disease Intermedica Cardiology Department, Hypertensive Centre, Singidunum University, School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia.
¹⁴⁴ President, World Hypertension League, Hong Kong, China.

PMID: 35581323
PMCID: PMC9110933
DOI: 10.1038/s41371-022-00690-0

Review

2022 World Hypertension League, Resolve To Save Lives and International Society of Hypertension dietary sodium (salt) global call to action

Norm R C Campbell et al. J Hum Hypertens. 2023 Jun.

. 2023 Jun;37(6):428-437.

doi: 10.1038/s41371-022-00690-0. Epub 2022 May 17.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Special Advisor to the board, and Past president (ex officio), World Hypertension League, Hong Kong, China. ncampbel@ucalgary.ca.
² Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. ncampbel@ucalgary.ca.
³ President-Elect, World Hypertension League, Hong Kong, China.
⁴ Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
⁵ Vice President, World Hypertension League, Hong Kong, China.
⁶ Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
⁷ Sanatorio Allende, Córdoba, Argentina.
⁸ Chair, International Society of Hypertension, Membership Committee, International Society of Hypertension, Colchester, UK.
⁹ Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
¹⁰ Past President, British and Irish Hypertension Society, Edinburgh, UK.
¹¹ University of Warwick, WHO Collaborating Centre for Nutrition, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK.
¹² Resolve to Save Lives, an Initiative of Vital Strategies, New York, NY, USA.
¹³ WHO Collaborating Centre on Population Salt Reduction, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
¹⁴ The George Institute for Global Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, Paddington, London, UK.
¹⁵ The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
¹⁶ Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
¹⁷ Department of Preventive & Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
¹⁸ Costa Rican Institute of Research and Teaching in Nutrition and Health (INCIENSA), Tres Rios, Costa Rica.
¹⁹ Officer at Large, International Society of Hypertension, Chair International Society of Hypertension Research and Education Committee, International Society of Hypertension, Colchester, UK.
²⁰ Center for Health Evaluation and Outcomes Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
²¹ International Society of Hypertension Education Lead, Colchester, UK.
²² Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan.
²³ Advisor Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity in Schools, Pan American Health Organization, Washington DC, MD, USA.
²⁴ Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON, Canada.
²⁵ Chair, Action on Salt, London, UK.
²⁶ Chair, Action on Sugar, London, UK.
²⁷ Chair, World Action on Salt Sugar and Health (WASSH), London, UK.
²⁸ Chair Blood Pressure UK, London, UK.
²⁹ Board member, Director (Sub-Saharan Africa), World Hypertension League, Hong Kong, China.
³⁰ Dean, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Director Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
³¹ World Stroke Organization Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
³² Lead Co-Chair Lancet Commission on Stroke, London, UK.
³³ Past President (ex officio), World Hypertension League, Hong Kong, China.
³⁴ Secretary-General, World Hypertension League, Hong Kong, China.
³⁵ Italian Society of Arterial Hypertension, Milan, Italy.
³⁶ Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca and IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.
³⁷ Past President, World Hypertension League, Hong Kong, China.
³⁸ Division of Translational Neurosciences and Population Studies, Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
³⁹ Treasurer, International Society of Hypertension, Colchester, UK.
⁴⁰ Health Innovation and Transformation Centre, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, Australia.
⁴¹ Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
⁴² Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
⁴³ Secretary, International Society of Hypertension, Colchester, UK.
⁴⁴ University College London, NIHR University College London, Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.
⁴⁵ President, International Society of Hypertension, Colchester, UK.
⁴⁶ Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
⁴⁷ Manchester Heart Centre and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
⁴⁸ Chair, International Society of Hypertension Regional Advisory Group - Americas Colchester, Colchester, UK.
⁴⁹ Department of Internal Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
⁵⁰ Director, Coalición Latinoamérica Saludable (CLAS), McKinney, TX, USA.
⁵¹ Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
⁵² Director, WHO Collaborating Centre on Nutrition Policy for Chronic Disease Prevention, Toronto, ON, Canada.
⁵³ Advisor, Executive Committee, World Hypertension League, Hong Kong, China.
⁵⁴ Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
⁵⁵ President, High Blood Pressure Research Council of Australia, Tuggerah, NSW, Australia.
⁵⁶ Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
⁵⁷ President, International Society of Nephrology, Brussels, Belgium.
⁵⁸ Professor of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Professor of Medicine, John L. Shapiro Chair of Pathology, Professor of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
⁵⁹ Co-Chair Global Policy Committee, member of the Executive Committee, World Stroke Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
⁶⁰ Director of National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
⁶¹ Founding Chair, Steering Committee, African Stroke Organization, Ibadan, Nigeria.
⁶² Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training and Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
⁶³ Past President, Argentine Society of Arterial Hypertension, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
⁶⁴ Advisor to the Academic Vice-Chancellor, Maimonides University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
⁶⁵ Founder and Secretary, Dr Bindu Menon Foundation (India), Nellore, India.
⁶⁶ Nutritionist, Brazilian Society of Hypertension, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
⁶⁷ Past President, Brazilian Society of Hypertension, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
⁶⁸ Full Professor of Internal Medicine and Director of the Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
⁶⁹ Board member, Director - Eastern European Regional Office, World Hypertension League, Hong Kong, China.
⁷⁰ Member, Research and Education Committee, International Society of Hypertension, Colchester, UK.
⁷¹ Bulgarian League of Hypertension, President of Bulgarian Society of Cardiovascular Imaging, Sofia, Bulgaria.
⁷² Sofia University, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Cardiovascular diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria.
⁷³ Chief Executive Officer, Canadian Cardiovascular Society, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
⁷⁴ President, Canadian Society of Nephrology, Montreal, QC, Canada.
⁷⁵ President, Cardiology Branch, Chinese Medical Doctors Association, Beijing, China.
⁷⁶ President, Chilean Society of Hypertension, Santiago, Chile.
⁷⁷ Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Division de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
⁷⁸ President, Chinese Hypertension League, Beijing, China.
⁷⁹ The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
⁸⁰ President, Czech Society of Hypertension, Prague, Czech Republic.
⁸¹ President, European Society of Hypertension, Zug, Switzerland.
⁸² Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Berlin, Germany.
⁸³ Chairman of the Board, German Society of Hypertension, Heidelberg, Germany.
⁸⁴ Past President, Treasurer, High Blood Pressure Research Council of Australia, Tuggerah, NSW, Australia.
⁸⁵ Director, Policy and Advocacy, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
⁸⁶ Board member, Hellenic Society of Hypertension, Athens, Greece.
⁸⁷ National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
⁸⁸ Treasurer, Hellenic Society of Hypertension, Athens, Greece.
⁸⁹ Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
⁹⁰ Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
⁹¹ School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
⁹² Chief Program Officer, Hypertension and Nutrition Core Group of India Association for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (IAPEN), Maharashtra, India.
⁹³ Director of IAPEN, Maharashtra, India.
⁹⁴ President, Hong Kong College of Cardiology, Hong Kong, China.
⁹⁵ Secretary General, Hungarian Society of Hypertension, Budapest, Hungary.
⁹⁶ Department of Family Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
⁹⁷ President, Hypertension Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada.
⁹⁸ President, Indian Society of Hypertension, Lucknow, India.
⁹⁹ Board Member, World Hypertension League, Hong Kong, China.
¹⁰⁰ President Elect, Iranian Heart Federation, Tehran, Iran.
¹⁰¹ Professor of Medicine and Cardiology, Director of Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan, Iran.
¹⁰² WHO Collaborating Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
¹⁰³ Executive Director, InterAmerican Heart Foundation (IAHF), Dallas, TX, USA.
¹⁰⁴ International Council of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (ICCPR), Markham, ON, Canada.
¹⁰⁵ Singapore Heart Foundation, Singapore, Singapore.
¹⁰⁶ President, Japanese Society of Hypertension, Tokyo, Japan.
¹⁰⁷ President, Latin American Society of Hypertension, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
¹⁰⁸ Arterial Hypertension and Metabolic Unit, University Hospital, Fundacion Favaloro, Medical Sciences Faculty, University Dr. RG Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
¹⁰⁹ President, Latin American Society of Nephrology and Hypertension, Innova, Panama.
¹¹⁰ Past President of the Central American and Caribbean Association of Nephrology and Hypertension, Santa Domingo, Dominican Republic.
¹¹¹ President, Lebanese Hypertension League, Beirut, Lebanon.
¹¹² President, Korean Society of Community Nutrition, Seoul, South Korea.
¹¹³ Seoul National University Seoul, Seoul, South Korea.
¹¹⁴ President, Korean Society of Hypertension, Seoul, South Korea.
¹¹⁵ Division of Cardiology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
¹¹⁶ Immediate Past President, Malaysian Society of Hypertension, Selangor, Malaysia.
¹¹⁷ President, Malaysian Society for World Action on Salt, Sugar and Health (MyWASSH), Selangor, Malaysia.
¹¹⁸ Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Live Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
¹¹⁹ President, Mongolian Society of Hypertension, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
¹²⁰ Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
¹²¹ General Director, National Institute of Food and Nutrition Service, Seoul, South Korea.
¹²² Secretary-General, Nigerian Hypertension Society, Ibadan, Nigeria.
¹²³ Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
¹²⁴ NCD Global Program Leader, PATH, Seattle, WA, USA.
¹²⁵ Chief Executive Officer and Co-Founder Onom Foundation, Onom Foundation, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
¹²⁶ Secretary General and Founder Trustee, Pakistan Hypertension League, Karachi, Pakistan.
¹²⁷ Chair of International Society of Hypertension Regional Advisory Group South, and Central Asia, Colchester, UK.
¹²⁸ Karachi Institute of Heart Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan.
¹²⁹ President, Philippine Society of Hypertension, Pasig City, Philippines.
¹³⁰ Department of Medicine, University of the Philippines College of Medicine and St. Luke's Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines.
¹³¹ Immediate Past President, Philippine Society of Hypertension, Pasig City, Philippines.
¹³² Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines.
¹³³ President, Polish Society of Hypertension, Gdansk, Poland.
¹³⁴ Department of Hypertension, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland.
¹³⁵ Co-Director, Primary Aldosteronism Foundation, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
¹³⁶ Coordinator, Portuguese Society of Paediatric Working Group on Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents, Lisbon, Portugal.
¹³⁷ President, Portuguese Society of Hypertension, Lisbon, Portugal.
¹³⁸ Head, Continuous Professional Development, Saudi Hypertension Management Society, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
¹³⁹ President, Swedish Society for Hypertension, Stroke and Vascular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden.
¹⁴⁰ Associate Professor in Cardiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
¹⁴¹ Chairman, Slovak League against Hypertension, Bratislava, Slovakia.
¹⁴² Past President, Serbian Society of Hypertension, Nis, Serbia.
¹⁴³ Clinic for Internal disease Intermedica Cardiology Department, Hypertensive Centre, Singidunum University, School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia.
¹⁴⁴ President, World Hypertension League, Hong Kong, China.

PMID: 35581323
PMCID: PMC9110933
DOI: 10.1038/s41371-022-00690-0

No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

NRCC reports personal fees from Resolve to Save Lives (RTSL), the Pan American Health Organization and the World Bank outside the submitted work; and is an unpaid member of World Action on Salt, Sugar and Health and an unpaid consultant on dietary sodium and hypertension control to numerous governmental and non-governmental organizations. NRCC chaired the International Consortium for Quality Research on Dietary Sodium/Salt (TRUE) which is an unpaid voluntary position. FPC: Past President and Trustee of the British and Irish Hypertension Society (2017–19), member of Action on Salt, Sugar and Health, member of the TRUE Consortium, and Advisor to the World Health Organization, all unpaid. Speaker fees from Omron Healthcare and book royalties from Oxford University Press, both unrelated to present topic. JW is Director of the WHO Collaborating Centre on Population Salt Reduction. FJH is an unpaid member of Action on Salt and World Action on Salt, Sugar and Health (WASSH). AB-M is an unpaid member of World Action on Salt, Sugar and Health and member of the Pan American Health Organization Technical Advisory Group on Salt Reduction (2009–2020). GAM is the unpaid Chair of Action on Salt, Action on Sugar, World Action on Salt, Sugar and Health (WASSH), and Blood Pressure UK. MRL has served in the following capacities (all unpaid): Chair, Pan American Health Organization Technical Advisory Group on Sodium; Member, WHO Nutrition Advisory Group on Nutrition; Past Chair/Co-Chair, Sodium Working Group, Canada; Director, WHO Collaborating Centre on Nutrition Policy for Chronic Disease Prevention. JGW reports grants from Novartis and Omron, and lecture and consulting fees from KBP Biosciences, Merck, Novartis, Servier and Viatris. RK reports support for research by Bayer, honoraria for lectures from Bayer, Berlin-Chemie/Menarini, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, Ferrer, Merck, Sanofi, and Servier. RTT reports personal fees from Shoppers Drug Mart, Emergent Biosolutions and Merck Canada. YCC is an unpaid president of the Malaysian Society for World Action on Salt, Sugar and Health (MyWASSH). PKW, MO, RDW, NI, BN, JC, LKC, KT, RMM, MW, NK, YK, LN, JA, MOO, LL, GP, DTL, FJC, BW, MT, CAR, BC, MAW, MPS, AF, VLF, RA, FI, BM, MS, MFN, KH, CP, SP, JG, JEJ, JW, UW, MS, MA, AP, EG, FDF, MP, AW-KC, JN, SNN, NS, MER, NY, HR, AJR, GAE, AB, C-iK, S-HI, TU, HKP, KW, HG, NJD, MI, DIDO, LBM-A, AP, ML, CS, FP, BAA, JS, SF, DL, and X-HZ have no reported financial conflict of interest.

Cited by

Estimation of Sodium Availability and Food Sources from 2018 to 2019 and Its Trends during the 2004-2019 Period in Costa Rica.
Roselló-Araya M, Madriz-Morales K, Vega-Solano J, Blanco-Metzler A, Núñez-Rivas H, Benavides-Aguilar K, Claro R. Roselló-Araya M, et al. Nutrients. 2022 Aug 4;14(15):3200. doi: 10.3390/nu14153200. Nutrients. 2022. PMID: 35956376 Free PMC article.
Misinformation surrounding sodium reduction for blood pressure: content analysis of Japanese posts on X.
Terada M, Okuhara T, Nishiie Y, Kiuchi T, Murakami K. Terada M, et al. Health Promot Int. 2024 Jun 1;39(3):daae073. doi: 10.1093/heapro/daae073. Health Promot Int. 2024. PMID: 38934479 Free PMC article.
Water and Electrolyte Content in Salt-Dependent HYpertension in the SKIn (WHYSKI): Effect of Surgical Cure of Primary Aldosteronism.
Torresan F, Rossi FB, Zanin S, Caputo I, Caroccia B, Iacobone M, Rossi GP. Torresan F, et al. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2024 Jan;31(1):15-21. doi: 10.1007/s40292-023-00614-0. Epub 2023 Dec 21. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2024. PMID: 38123759 Free PMC article.
Changes in the Urinary Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio Are Associated with Blood Pressure Change in Older Japanese Adults: A 7-Year Longitudinal Study.
Abe T, Endo T, Hamano T, Okuyama K, Yano S. Abe T, et al. J Clin Med. 2022 Aug 30;11(17):5093. doi: 10.3390/jcm11175093. J Clin Med. 2022. PMID: 36079021 Free PMC article.
Sex-Specific Association between Sodium Intake Estimated by 24-Hour Urinary Sodium Excretion and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The Community-Based Prospective Cohort Study.
Lee J, Lee JY, Yang YJ. Lee J, et al. Nutrients. 2024 Feb 16;16(4):548. doi: 10.3390/nu16040548. Nutrients. 2024. PMID: 38398872 Free PMC article.

See all "Cited by" articles

References

1. Campbell NRC, Schutte AE, Varghese CV, Ordunez P, Zhang X-H, Khan T, et al. São Paulo call to action for the prevention and control of high blood pressure: 2020. J Clin Hypertens. 2019;21:1744–52. doi: 10.1111/jch.13741. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Forouzanfar MH, Liu P, Roth GA, Ng M, Biryukov S, Marczak L, et al. Global burden of hypertension and systolic blood pressure of at least 110 to 115 mm Hg, 1990–2015. JAMA. 2017;317:165–82. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.19043. - DOI - PubMed
1. Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, Addolorato G, Ammirati E, Baddour LM, et al. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990-2019: update from the GBD 2019 study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76:2982–3021. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Fuchs FD, Whelton PK. High blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. Hypertension. 2020;75:285–92. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14240. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Public Health Priorities to Reduce and Control Hypertension. A population-based policy and systems change approach to prevent and control hypertension. Washington, DC, USA: National Academies Press; 2010. Report No.: 0-309-14810-3. - PubMed

Publication types

Actions

MeSH terms

Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions

Save citation to file

Email citation

Add to Collections

Add to My Bibliography

Your saved search

Create a file for external citation management software

Your RSS Feed

2022 World Hypertension League, Resolve To Save Lives and International Society of Hypertension dietary sodium (salt) global call to action

Affiliations

2022 World Hypertension League, Resolve To Save Lives and International Society of Hypertension dietary sodium (salt) global call to action

Authors

Affiliations

Conflict of interest statement

Similar articles

Cited by

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical

Miscellaneous

Conflict of interest statement

Similar articles

Cited by

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

Related information

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical

Miscellaneous