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. 2022 Feb 8;5(1):114-128.
doi: 10.20517/cdr.2021.101. eCollection 2022.

Immunotherapy resistance of lung cancer

Xin Yu  1 , Chaonan Han  1 , Chunxia Su  2   1
Affiliations

Immunotherapy resistance of lung cancer

Xin Yu et al. Cancer Drug Resist. .

Abstract

In recent years, immunotherapy has made remarkable breakthroughs and brought long-term survival benefits to lung cancer patients. However, a high percentage of patients do not respond to immunotherapy or their responses are transient, indicating the existence of immune resistance. Current studies show that the interactions between cancer cells and immune system are continuous and dynamic. A range of cancer cell-autonomous characteristics, tumor microenvironment factors, and host-related influences account for heterogenous responses. Furthermore, with the identification of new targets of immunotherapy and the development of immune-based combinations, we propose the response strategies to overcome resistance.

Keywords: Immunotherapy; resistance mechanisms; response strategies.

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Conflict of interest statement

All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms and factors of immune resistance. TMB: Tumor mutation burden; PD-L1: programmed cell death ligand 1; MDSCs: myeloid-derived suppressor cells; TAMs: tumor-associated macrophages; TME: tumor microenvironment.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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