Immediate post-exercise blood pressure and arterial stiffness in hypertensive and normotensive older females

Abstract

Although it has been suggested that increased arterial stiffness is linked to exaggerated blood pressure (BP) from brief moderate exercise, it is not clear whether this occurs in older adults with and without hypertension. This study investigates whether the immediate post-exercise systolic BP following brief moderate exercise is associated with arterial stiffness in older females with different BP status. This cross-sectional study included 191 older females aged 60-80 years without known cardiovascular disease (CVD). Arterial stiffness was determined by aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV). Systolic BP was measured before and immediately following a 3-min moderate walking test (stage 1 Bruce protocol). Specific quartile-based thresholds were used to define an exaggerated immediate post-exercise systolic BP for hypertensive and normotensive older females (quartile 4 as an exaggerated response). Traditional CVD risk factors were assessed (covariates). Older females from the highest quartile of immediate post-exercise absolute systolic BP showed higher aPWV compared to their peers from the lowest quartile (β = .22 m/s, p = .018). The quartile-based threshold to define the exaggerated post-exercise systolic BP was higher in hypertensive than in normotensive older females (174 vs. 172 mmHg). In summary, exaggerated immediate post-exercise systolic BP following a brief moderate exercise is associated with higher arterial stiffness in older females with different BP status.

Keywords: aging; arterial compliance; exaggerated exercise blood pressure; exercise-induced hypertension; pulse wave velocity; vascular health.

FIGURE 1

Study flowchart. BP, blood pressure

FIGURE 2

Coefficient estimates (β) and its 95% Wald confidence interval (CI) for aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) according to quartiles of immediate post‐exercise absolute systolic blood pressure (panel A) and to quartiles of absolute change in immediate post‐exercise systolic blood pressure (panel B) of older females (n = 191). Analysis adjusted for age, race, smoking status, resting systolic blood pressure, body fat percentage, HDL‐cholesterol, total cholesterol, diabetes medication, antihypertensive medication, and Fried frailty phenotype. Goodness of fit of the model: p < 0.001 in the Omnibus test