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Review
. 2022 May 9:2022:1213393.
doi: 10.1155/2022/1213393. eCollection 2022.

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Clinically Defined Parkinson's Disease: An Updated Review of Literature

Paloma Macías-García  1   2 , Raúl Rashid-López  1   3 , Álvaro J Cruz-Gómez  1   2 , Elena Lozano-Soto  1   2 , Florencia Sanmartino  1   2 , Raúl Espinosa-Rosso  1   3   4 , Javier J González-Rosa  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Clinically Defined Parkinson's Disease: An Updated Review of Literature

Paloma Macías-García et al. Behav Neurol. .

Abstract

Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are a common and potentially serious manifestation of Parkinson's disease (PD) but are frequently overlooked in favor of a focus on motor symptomatology. Here, we conducted a literature review of the prevalence and type of NPS experienced by PD patients with a clinically defined course of their illness.

Methods: We identified reports of NPS in patients with PD and mean disease duration over 3 years. Three databases-PubMed, Scopus, and Dialnet-were searched for relevant literature published between 2010 and 2020. Predefined exclusion criteria were applied prior to a descriptive analysis of the literature base.

Results: In all, 87 unique reports were identified and 30 met inclusion and exclusion criteria. These included 7142 patients with PD (male: 67.3%; mean age: 66.2 years; mean disease duration: 6.7 years). The most frequent NPS were mood disorders (apathy, depression, and anxiety), psychosis, and impulse control disorders (ICD). Treatment with dopamine agonists was identified as an important risk factor for ICD. Co-occurrence of NPS and cognitive dysfunction was also evidenced in a number of studies. Patients with more significant cognitive deficits and higher levels of NPS appeared to be of older age with a longer disease duration and to have more severe motor symptoms.

Conclusions: NPS, most commonly mood disorders (apathy, depression, and anxiety), psychosis, and ICDs are frequent manifestations of PD. The results of this review reflect the need to develop unified validated assessment protocols for NPS in PD, as well as to improve their management in clinical practice.

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Conflict of interest statement

RRL and RER received speaker fees and travel support from Teva, AbbVie, Zambon, BIAL, Italfarmaco, Biogen, Merck Serono, Novartis, Sanofi, Lundbeck, and Roche. RRL, RER, and JJGR received travel support and training from Medtronic, but not related to this study. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The authors have stated explicitly that there are no conflicts of interest in connection with this article.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart of the search strategy and screening process.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Most prevalent NPS in the PD sample. Only data from articles which reported NPS prevalence in percentage format was included in this figure [8, 11, 16, 20, 24, 25, 29, 30, 33, 36]. It should be noticed that the data reported may not have a unique origin as different instruments of assessment were used. Data reported in scoring format was not included.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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