A summary of cryptosporidiosis outbreaks reported in France and overseas departments, 2017-2020

doi:10.1016/j.fawpar.2022.e00160

. 2022 Apr 29:27:e00160.

doi: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2022.e00160. eCollection 2022 Jun.

A summary of cryptosporidiosis outbreaks reported in France and overseas departments, 2017-2020

Damien Costa^{1

2

3}, Romy Razakandrainibe^{2

3}, Louise Basmaciyan⁴, Jérôme Raibaut⁵, Pascal Delaunay⁶, Florent Morio⁷, Gilles Gargala^{1

2

3}, Venceslas Villier², Abdelmounaim Mouhajir², Bernard Levy⁸, Catherine Rieder⁹, Sébastien Larreche¹⁰, Sophie Lesthelle¹¹, Noémie Coron¹², Estelle Menu¹³, Magalie Demar¹⁴, Vincent Pommier de Santi¹⁵, Véronique Blanc¹⁶, Stéphane Valot⁴, Frédéric Dalle⁴, Loic Favennec^{1

2

3}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Parasitology/Mycology, University Hospital of Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France.
² EA ESCAPE 7510, University of Medicine Pharmacy Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France.
³ CNR-LE Cryptosporidiosis, Santé Publique France, 76000 Rouen, France.
⁴ CNR-LE Cryptosporidiosis Collaborating Laboratory, Santé Publique France, 21000 Dijon, France.
⁵ Regional Health Agency PACA, Santé Publique France, 13002 Marseille, France.
⁶ Parasitology and Mycology Department, Université Côte d'Azur, CHU Nice, 06000 Nice, France.
⁷ Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, Institut de Biologie, CHU de Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France.
⁸ INSERM: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 75015 Paris, France.
⁹ Laboratoire SCHUH, BIO67-BIOSPHERE, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
¹⁰ HIA Begin, 94160 Saint Mandé, France.
¹¹ Laboratoire EXALAB, 33130 Bègles, France.
¹² Laboratoire Bioesterel, 06210 Mandelieu La Napoule, France.
¹³ Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, CH Andrée-Rosemon, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana.
¹⁴ Department of Biology, Immunology and Parasitology, Cayenne Hospital Center, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana.
¹⁵ French Military Health Service, French Armed Forces Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health (CESPA), 13002 Marseille, France.
¹⁶ CH Antibes, 06600 Antibes, France.

PMID: 35586547
PMCID: PMC9108463
DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2022.e00160

A summary of cryptosporidiosis outbreaks reported in France and overseas departments, 2017-2020

Damien Costa et al. Food Waterborne Parasitol. 2022.

. 2022 Apr 29:27:e00160.

doi: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2022.e00160. eCollection 2022 Jun.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Parasitology/Mycology, University Hospital of Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France.
² EA ESCAPE 7510, University of Medicine Pharmacy Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France.
³ CNR-LE Cryptosporidiosis, Santé Publique France, 76000 Rouen, France.
⁴ CNR-LE Cryptosporidiosis Collaborating Laboratory, Santé Publique France, 21000 Dijon, France.
⁵ Regional Health Agency PACA, Santé Publique France, 13002 Marseille, France.
⁶ Parasitology and Mycology Department, Université Côte d'Azur, CHU Nice, 06000 Nice, France.
⁷ Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, Institut de Biologie, CHU de Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France.
⁸ INSERM: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 75015 Paris, France.
⁹ Laboratoire SCHUH, BIO67-BIOSPHERE, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
¹⁰ HIA Begin, 94160 Saint Mandé, France.
¹¹ Laboratoire EXALAB, 33130 Bègles, France.
¹² Laboratoire Bioesterel, 06210 Mandelieu La Napoule, France.
¹³ Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, CH Andrée-Rosemon, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana.
¹⁴ Department of Biology, Immunology and Parasitology, Cayenne Hospital Center, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana.
¹⁵ French Military Health Service, French Armed Forces Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health (CESPA), 13002 Marseille, France.
¹⁶ CH Antibes, 06600 Antibes, France.

PMID: 35586547
PMCID: PMC9108463
DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2022.e00160

Abstract

Cryptosporidium is a known foodborne pathogen, ranked fifth out of 24 among foodborne parasites in terms of importance and a cause of many cryptosporidiosis outbreaks worldwide. In France, very few outbreaks were reported before 2017, and data recently obtained by the Expert Laboratory of the Cryptosporidiosis National Reference Center (CNR-LE-Cryptosporidiosis) have shown that outbreaks are in fact common and frequently underreported. In this work, we aim to report the characteristics of outbreaks detected in France during the period 2017-2020 and present a summary of investigations carried out by the CNR-LE-Cryptosporidiosis. During the study period, there were eleven cryptosporidiosis outbreaks, including three with no identified origin. Among the eight identified outbreaks: six were due to water contamination (five tap water and one recreational water), one was due to direct contact with infected calves, and one was due to consumption of contaminated curd cheese. Among these outbreaks, five of them exceeded one hundred cases. Recent results obtained by the CNR-LE-Cryptosporidiosis revealed the multiannual occurrence of Cryptosporidium outbreaks in France. Waterborne outbreaks were more frequently detected, while foodborne outbreaks which are more difficult to detect were likely underreported.

Keywords: Cryptosporidium; Foodborne; France; Outbreak; Waterborne.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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References

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[1] Article - Bulletin épidémiologique hebdomadaire [WWW Document] 2021. http://beh.santepubliquefrance.fr/beh/2019/16/2019_16_2.html URL. (accessed 12.21.21) - PubMed

[2] Article - Bulletin épidémiologique hebdomadaire [WWW Document] 2021. http://beh.santepubliquefrance.fr/beh/2019/16/2019_16_2.html URL. (accessed 12.21.21) - PubMed

[3] Beaudeau P., de Valk H., Vaillant V., Mannschott C., Tillier C., Mouly D., Ledrans M. Lessons learned from ten investigations of waterborne gastroenteritis outbreaks, France, 1998-2006. J. Water Health. 2008;6:491–503. doi: 10.2166/wh.2008.051. - DOI - PubMed

[4] Beaudeau P., de Valk H., Vaillant V., Mannschott C., Tillier C., Mouly D., Ledrans M. Lessons learned from ten investigations of waterborne gastroenteritis outbreaks, France, 1998-2006. J. Water Health. 2008;6:491–503. doi: 10.2166/wh.2008.051. - DOI - PubMed

[5] Björkman C., Lindström L., Oweson C., Ahola H., Troell K., Axén C. Cryptosporidium infections in suckler herd beef calves. Parasitology. 2015;142:1108–1114. doi: 10.1017/S0031182015000426. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[6] Björkman C., Lindström L., Oweson C., Ahola H., Troell K., Axén C. Cryptosporidium infections in suckler herd beef calves. Parasitology. 2015;142:1108–1114. doi: 10.1017/S0031182015000426. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[7] Blackburn B.G., Mazurek J.M., Hlavsa M., Park J., Tillapaw M., Parrish M., Salehi E., Franks W., Koch E., Smith F., Xiao L., Arrowood M., Hill V., da Silva A., Johnston S., Jones J.L. Cryptosporidiosis associated with ozonated apple cider. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2006;12:684–686. doi: 10.3201/eid1204.050796. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[8] Blackburn B.G., Mazurek J.M., Hlavsa M., Park J., Tillapaw M., Parrish M., Salehi E., Franks W., Koch E., Smith F., Xiao L., Arrowood M., Hill V., da Silva A., Johnston S., Jones J.L. Cryptosporidiosis associated with ozonated apple cider. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2006;12:684–686. doi: 10.3201/eid1204.050796. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[9] Boudou M., Cleary E., ÓhAiseadha C., Garvey P., McKeown P., O’Dwyer J., Hynds P. Spatiotemporal epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in the Republic of Ireland, 2008-2017: development of a space-time “cluster recurrence” index. BMC Infect. Dis. 2021;21:880. doi: 10.1186/s12879-021-06598-3. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[10] Boudou M., Cleary E., ÓhAiseadha C., Garvey P., McKeown P., O’Dwyer J., Hynds P. Spatiotemporal epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in the Republic of Ireland, 2008-2017: development of a space-time “cluster recurrence” index. BMC Infect. Dis. 2021;21:880. doi: 10.1186/s12879-021-06598-3. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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A summary of cryptosporidiosis outbreaks reported in France and overseas departments, 2017-2020

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A summary of cryptosporidiosis outbreaks reported in France and overseas departments, 2017-2020

Authors

Affiliations

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