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. 2022 Apr 21;15(9):3015.
doi: 10.3390/ma15093015.

Magnetic Anisotropy and Microstructure in Electrodeposited Quaternary Sn-Fe-Ni-Co Alloys with Amorphous Character

Ernő Kuzmann  1 , Israel Felner  2 , Laura Sziráki  1 , Sándor Stichleutner  1   3 , Zoltán Homonnay  1 , Mahmoud R El-Sharif  4 , Colin U Chisholm  4
Affiliations

Magnetic Anisotropy and Microstructure in Electrodeposited Quaternary Sn-Fe-Ni-Co Alloys with Amorphous Character

Ernő Kuzmann et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

Sn-Fe-Ni-Co quaternary alloys, in the composition range of 37-44 at% Sn, 35-39 at% Fe, 6-8 at% Ni and 13-17 at% Co, were prepared by direct current (DC) and pulse plating (PP) electrodeposition. The alloy deposits were characterized by XRD, 57Fe and 119Sn conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy, SEM-EDX and magnetization measurements. XRD revealed the amorphous character of the quaternary alloy deposits. The dominant ferromagnetic character of the deposits was shown by magnetization and Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements. Room temperature Mössbauer spectra showed minor paramagnetic phases, where their occurrences (~3-20%) are correlated to the electrodeposition parameters (Jdep from -16 to -23 mA/cm2 for DC, Jpulse from -40 to -75 mA/cm2 for PP), the composition and the saturation magnetization (~52-73 emu/g). A considerable difference was found in the magnetization curves applying parallel or perpendicular orientation of the applied fields, indicating magnetic anisotropy both in DC and pulse plated alloy coatings.

Keywords: 57Fe and 119Sn conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy; Sn-Fe-Ni-Co quaternary alloys; amorphous alloys; electrodeposition; magnetic anisotropy; saturation magnetization.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interest or personal relationship that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Cathode potential versus deposition time for DC deposited samples.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Typical cathode potential change (decay) during one period of pulse plating (PP).
Figure 3
Figure 3
SEM micrographs (magnification 5000×) of DC3.
Figure 4
Figure 4
SEM micrographs (magnification 5000×) of PP3.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Details of XRD patterns of the DC3 (a) and PP3 (b) electrodeposited quaternary Sn-Fe-Ni-Co alloys.
Figure 6
Figure 6
57Fe conversion electron Mössbauer spectra of DC3 (a) and PP3 (b) electrodeposited quaternary Sn-Fe-Ni-Co alloy coatings. The red and blue components show the ferromagnetic and paramagnetic amorphous phases, respectively, while the black line indicates their spectral superposition.
Figure 7
Figure 7
119Sn conversion electron Mössbauer spectra of DC3 (a) and PP3 (b) electrodeposited quaternary Sn-Fe-Ni-Co alloy coatings. The red and blue components show the ferromagnetic and paramagnetic amorphous phases, respectively, while the black line indicates their spectral superposition.
Figure 8
Figure 8
57Fe conversion electron Mössbauer DATA of DC (on the (right)) and PP (on the (left)) electrodeposited quaternary Sn-Fe-Ni-Co alloy coatings together with Sn content with the current densities.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Variation in derived parameters from 119Sn conversion electron Mössbauer spectra of DC (on the (left)) and PP (on the (right)) electrodeposited quaternary Sn-Fe-Ni-Co alloy coatings together with Sn and Fe content with the current densities.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Isothermal magnetic moment plots measured at 5 and 295 K (inset) parallel (black symbols) and perpendicular (red symbols) to the plane of DC1 deposited quaternary Sn-Fe-Ni-Co alloy coatings. The moment values are in emu/μm (see text).
Figure 11
Figure 11
Isothermal magnetic moment plots measured at 5 K parallel (black symbols) and perpendicular (red symbols) to the plane of PP1 deposited quaternary Sn-Fe-Ni-Co alloy coatings. The inset shows the similar plots measured at 295 K.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Parallel field dependence of the magnetic moment curves measured at 5 K for all DC and PP deposited quaternary Sn-Fe-Ni-Co alloy coatings.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Perpendicular field dependence of the magnetic moments measured at 295 K for all DC and PP deposited quaternary Sn-Fe-Ni-Co alloy coatings.
Figure 14
Figure 14
The temperature dependence of the susceptibility (m/H) under applied fields of 500 Oe measured parallel and perpendicular of PP1 sample.
Figure 15
Figure 15
An extended scale of Figure 14 for the perpendicular susceptibility of PP1 sample.
Figure 16
Figure 16
Dependence of saturation magnetization of DC electrodeposited quaternary Sn-Fe-Ni-Co alloy coatings on the current density, together with the current density dependences of the occurrence of ferromagnetic phase detected by 57Fe and 119Sn CEMS, direction of average magnetization originated from 57Fe CEMS, as well as Fe and Sn content.
Figure 17
Figure 17
Dependence of saturation magnetization of PP electrodeposited quaternary Sn-Fe-Ni-Co alloy coatings on the current density, together with the current density dependences of the occurrence of ferromagnetic phase detected by 57Fe and 119Sn CEMS, direction of average magnetization derived from 57Fe CEMS, as well as Fe and Sn content.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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