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. 2022 May 3:9:770184.
doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.770184. eCollection 2022.

Association Between White Matter Hyperintensities and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cun-Sheng Wei  1 , Cai-Yun Yan  2 , Xiao-Rong Yu  1 , Lin Wang  1 , Rui Zhang  1 , Jun-Ying Jiang  1 , Qi Dai  1 , Jun-Rong Li  1 , Xue Mei Chen  1
Affiliations

Association Between White Matter Hyperintensities and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cun-Sheng Wei et al. Front Med (Lausanne). .

Abstract

Objectives: Previous studies of the associations between white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) were still conflicting; therefore, our study aimed to conduct a systematic review of all of the available research on this topic and a meta-analysis of the association between WMH and CKD among observational studies.

Setting and design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Outcome measures: Severity of WMH.

Methods and participants: All relevant studies in public databases were examined until 15 November 2020. Two independent reviewers assessed all the included studies using the Cross-Sectional/Prevalence Study Quality (CSSQ) scale, and then literature review and meta-analyses were undertaken.

Results: We pooled the odds ratio (OR) for the presence of WMH, periventricular hyperintensities (PVH), and deep subcortical white matter hyperintensities (DWMH) of patients with CKD vs. non-CKD patients by subgroup analysis, and the results obtained were WMH OR 2.07, 95% CI [1.58, 2.70], PVH OR 2.41, 95% CI [1.90, 3.05], and DWMH OR 2.11, 95% CI [1.60, 2.80], respectively. The main outcome showed that patients with CKD were more likely to have WMH in the brain compared to the normal controls. Another meta-analysis showed a statistically significant decline in renal function in patients with moderate to severe WMH compared with those with no to mild WMH.

Conclusions: The findings indicated that patients with CKD were more likely to experience WMH than demographically matched controls. On the other hand, patients with moderate to severe WMH in the brain had poor renal function more frequently than those with no to mild WMH.

Keywords: cerebral small vessel disease; chronic kidney disease; meta-analysis; systematic review; white matter hyperintensities.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A PRISMA flow diagram for the derivation of studies included in the analyses.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The subgroup analysis of a forest plot of comparison of CKD vs. non-CKD.
Figure 3
Figure 3
A forest plot of comparison of none-to-mild WMH vs. moderate-to-severe WMH.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Sensitivity analysis of comparison of none-to-mild WMH vs. moderate-to-severe WMH.
Figure 5
Figure 5
A funnel plot of comparison of CKD vs. non-CKD.
Figure 6
Figure 6
A funnel plot of comparison of none-to-mild WMH vs. moderate-to-severe WMH.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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