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Review
. 2022 Jul;15(7):1325-1338.
doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2021.11.017. Epub 2022 Jan 12.

Multiparametric Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Approach in Diagnosing, Monitoring, and Prognostication of Myocarditis

Christian Eichhorn  1 , Simon Greulich  2 , Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci  3 , Raphael Sznitman  4 , Raymond Y Kwong  5 , Christoph Gräni  6
Affiliations
Free article
Review

Multiparametric Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Approach in Diagnosing, Monitoring, and Prognostication of Myocarditis

Christian Eichhorn et al. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2022 Jul.
Free article

Abstract

Myocarditis represents the entity of an inflamed myocardium and is a diagnostic challenge caused by its heterogeneous presentation. Contemporary noninvasive evaluation of patients with clinically suspected myocarditis using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) includes dimensions and function of the heart chambers, conventional T2-weighted imaging, late gadolinium enhancement, novel T1 and T2 mapping, and extracellular volume fraction calculation. CMR feature-tracking, texture analysis, and artificial intelligence emerge as potential modern techniques to further improve diagnosis and prognostication in this clinical setting. This review describes the evidence surrounding different CMR methods and image postprocessing methods and highlights their values for clinical decision making, monitoring, and risk stratification across stages of this condition.

Keywords: ECV; LGE; Lake Louise criteria (LLC); T1 mapping; T2 mapping; artificial intelligence; cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR); feature-tracking; myocardial strain; myocarditis; postprocessing; radiomics; texture analysis.

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Conflict of interest statement

Funding Support and Author Disclosures Dr Bucciarelli-Ducci is the CEO (part-time) of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. Dr Sznitman is a shareholder and has served as a scientific advisor of RetinAI Medical (Switzerland). Dr Kwong has received research support from Bristol Myers Squibb, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Epirium Bio, and Bayer AG. Dr Gräni has received funding support from the Swiss National Foundation and InnoSuisse. All other authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose.

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