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. 2022 Nov;17(11):2161-2171.
doi: 10.1007/s11548-022-02666-4. Epub 2022 May 20.

Service-oriented Device Connectivity interface for a situation recognition system in the OR

Denise Junger #  1 , Patrick Beyersdorffer #  2 , Christian Kücherer  2 , Oliver Burgert  2
Affiliations

Service-oriented Device Connectivity interface for a situation recognition system in the OR

Denise Junger et al. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg. 2022 Nov.

Abstract

Purpose: Context awareness in the operating room (OR) is important to realize targeted assistance to support actors during surgery. A situation recognition system (SRS) is used to interpret intraoperative events and derive an intraoperative situation from these. To achieve a modular system architecture, it is desirable to de-couple the SRS from other system components. This leads to the need of an interface between such an SRS and context-aware systems (CAS). This work aims to provide an open standardized interface to enable loose coupling of the SRS with varying CAS to allow vendor-independent device orchestrations.

Methods: A requirements analysis investigated limiting factors that currently prevent the integration of CAS in today's ORs. These elicited requirements enabled the selection of a suitable base architecture. We examined how to specify this architecture with the constraints of an interoperability standard. The resulting middleware was integrated into a prototypic SRS and our system for intraoperative support, the OR-Pad, as exemplary CAS for evaluating whether our solution can enable context-aware assistance during simulated orthopedical interventions.

Results: The emerging Service-oriented Device Connectivity (SDC) standard series was selected to specify and implement a middleware for providing the interpreted contextual information while the SRS and CAS are loosely coupled. The results were verified within a proof of concept study using the OR-Pad demonstration scenario. The fulfillment of the CAS' requirements to act context-aware, conformity to the SDC standard series, and the effort for integrating the middleware in individual systems were evaluated. The semantically unambiguous encoding of contextual information depends on the further standardization process of the SDC nomenclature. The discussion of the validity of these results proved the applicability and transferability of the middleware.

Conclusion: The specified and implemented SDC-based middleware shows the feasibility of loose coupling an SRS with unknown CAS to realize context-aware assistance in the OR.

Keywords: Context awareness; Context-aware system; Intraoperative area; OR-Pad; SDC; Situation recognition system.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no competing interests to declare.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Desired system architecture for loose coupling an SRS with unknown CAS
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Interface architecture specified by relevant SDC objects and services. Only an excerpt of the SRS MDIB is illustrated
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Applied interface specification for the OR-Pad use case resulting in a middleware architecture. Only an excerpt of the SRS MDIB is illustrated. The RPCs are accessible via the named pipes and transformed in MDPWS operations within the implemented middleware
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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