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. 2022 May 20;22(1):143.
doi: 10.1186/s12906-022-03619-9.

Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of Cinnamon and Clove essential oils nanogels: an in vivo study

Fariba Esmaeili  1 , Masoumeh Zahmatkeshan  2   3 , Yaser Yousefpoor  4 , Hiva Alipanah  5 , Ehsan Safari  6 , Mahmoud Osanloo  7
Affiliations

Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of Cinnamon and Clove essential oils nanogels: an in vivo study

Fariba Esmaeili et al. BMC Complement Med Ther. .

Abstract

Background: Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) and Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) essential oils are two medicinally important plant-derived substances with a wide range of biological properties. Besides, nanoemulsion-based gels have been widely used to increase topical drug delivery and effectiveness.

Methods: This study aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory effect (paw edema test) and the anti-nociceptive effect (hot plate and formalin test) of nanoemulsion-based gels containing the essential oils in the animal model. Cinnamon and Clove essential oils nanoemulsions with droplet sizes of 28 ± 6 nm and 12 ± 3 nm were first prepared. By adding carboxymethylcellulose (3.5% w/v), the nanoemulsions were then gelified. Finally, the nanogels were characterized by ATR-FTIR analysis and were used as topical pre-treatment before induction of inflammation or pain in acute and chronic analgesic experimental studies.

Results: The paw edema and formalin findings showed that the nanogels formulations possess significant anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects.

Conclusion: The prepared nanogels could be considered as analgesic drugs for inhibiting the inflammation and pain of diseases.

Keywords: Analgesics; Nanomedicine; Painkiller; Paw edema test.

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Conflict of interest statement

All authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Left curve: Cinnamon EO nanoemulsion with mean droplet size ± SD: 28 ± 6 nm; Right curve: Clove EO nanoemulsion with droplet size ± SD: 12 ± 3 nm
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
ATR-FTIR spectra of the samples (CMC: carboxymethylcellulose, NG: nanogel)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The acute anti-nociceptive activity of cinnamon-NG and clove-NG on reaction latency in hot plate test; no significant differences between samples. Investigated groups (n = 6) include distilled water (D.W.: control group), blank gel, cinnamon-NG, and clove-NG. The data were presented as mean ± SE
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Comparison of acute and chronic phases results of formalin test after treatment with distilled water (D.W.: control group), cinnamon-NG, and clove-NG. Each value represents mean ± SEM, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
The effect of cinnamon-NG and clove-NG on rat nociceptive behavior. Groups (n = 6) include distilled water (D.W.: control group), cinnamon-NG, and clove-NG. Each value represents mean ± SE
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Comparison of licking time in acute and chronic phases of the formalin test after treatment with distilled water (D.W.: control group), blank gel, clove-NG, and cinnamon-NG. Each value represents mean ± SEM, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
The effect of cinnamon-NG and clove-NG in a rat paw edema induced by carrageenan model. Rats (n = 6) were pre-treated with distilled water (D.W.: control group), blank gel, cinnamon-NG, and clove-NG. The measurements were obtained at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hours after the carrageenan sub-plantar injection (1%, 100 μl). *P < 0.05
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