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. 2022 May 23;78(3-4):105-112.
doi: 10.1515/znc-2022-0056. Print 2023 Mar 28.

Antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry essential oil with identification of its chemical constituents

Wael A Al-Zereini  1 , Ibrahim N Al-Trawneh  2 , Mahmoud A Al-Qudah  3 , Heba M TumAllah  1 , Zead H Abudayeh  4 , Tahani Hijazin  1
Affiliations

Antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry essential oil with identification of its chemical constituents

Wael A Al-Zereini et al. Z Naturforsch C J Biosci. .

Abstract

Aromatic plants embrace volatile compounds with efficiency in treating different diseases. In Jordan, Syzygium aromaticum flower buds (clove) are extensively used as folk medicine without awareness of its bio-safe dosage. Herein, clove buds were hydrodistilled using the Clevenger apparatus, and the resulting essential oil (CEO) was analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibacterial activity was evaluated against tested bacterial strains by agar diffusion test and micro-broth dilution assay. The antioxidant capacity was assessed using DPPH radical scavenging assay, while the cytotoxic potency was unraveled by determination of its anti-proliferative activity against MDA-MB-231 breast adenocarcinoma and normal Vero cell lines. CEO yield was 5.7 ± 1.3% (w/w); encompassed 24 volatile ingredients with eugenol as the principal compound (73.41%). The CEO inhibited the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial test strains, causing the formation of 13.7 ± 1.5-17.3 ± 0.6 mm and 11.7 ± 1.5-20.7 ± 1.2 mm inhibition zones, respectively with MIC 1.25-5 μL/mL. Moreover, it showed antioxidant activity with IC50 0.0016 ± 0.0001 μL/mL (1.6 ± 0.1 μg/mL, 2.98 ± 0.4 µg Trolox®/µg CEO). Intriguingly, the CEO was cytotoxic against both cancerous and noncancerous cell lines at IC50 of 0.25 ± 0.02 μL/mL and 0.18 ± 0.01 μL/mL, respectively. Herein results unveil the potential application of CEO as a pharmaceutical remedy with considering its bio-safe dosage.

Keywords: Syzygium aromaticum; antibacterial activity; antioxidant capacity; clove; cytotoxicity.

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