Reliability and Validation of the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire in 3- to 6-Year-Old Spanish Children

Andrea Jimeno-Martínez^{1

2}, Ivie Maneschy^{1

2}, Luis A Moreno^{1

2}, Gloria Bueno-Lozano^{1

2}, Pilar De Miguel-Etayo^{1

2}, Katherine Flores-Rojas^{2

3}, Jose Manuel Jurado-Castro^{3

4}, Carmela de Lamas^{2

5

6}, Rocio Vázquez-Cobela^{2

5

6}, Raúl Martinez-Lacruz^{2

7}, Olga Portoles^{2

7}, J Alfredo Martínez^{2

8

9}, Santiago Navas-Carretero^{2

8}, Helmut Schröder^{10

11}, Montserrat Fitó^{2

11}, Nancy Babio^{2

12

13}, Jordi Salas-Salvadó^{2

12

13}, Rosaura Leis^{2

5

6

14}, Mercedes Gil-Campos^{2

3}, Azahara I Rupérez^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.
² Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
³ Metabolism Unit, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
⁴ Escuela Universitaria de Osuna (Centro Adscrito a la Universidad de Sevilla), Osuna, Spain.
⁵ Pediatric Nutrition Research Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
⁶ Unit of Investigation in Human Nutrition, Growth and Development of Galicia (GALINUT), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
⁷ Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
⁸ Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Center for NutritionResearch, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
⁹ Precision nutrition programs, IMDEA Research Institute on Food and Health Sciences, Madrid, Spain.
¹⁰ Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
¹¹ Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar, Institut Municipald'Investigació Médica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.
¹² Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain.
¹³ Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain.
¹⁴ Unit of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Pediatric Service, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.

PMID: 35602745
PMCID: PMC9116151
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.705912

Reliability and Validation of the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire in 3- to 6-Year-Old Spanish Children

Andrea Jimeno-Martínez et al. Front Psychol. 2022.

. 2022 May 4:13:705912.

doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.705912. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.
² Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
³ Metabolism Unit, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
⁴ Escuela Universitaria de Osuna (Centro Adscrito a la Universidad de Sevilla), Osuna, Spain.
⁵ Pediatric Nutrition Research Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
⁶ Unit of Investigation in Human Nutrition, Growth and Development of Galicia (GALINUT), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
⁷ Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
⁸ Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Center for NutritionResearch, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
⁹ Precision nutrition programs, IMDEA Research Institute on Food and Health Sciences, Madrid, Spain.
¹⁰ Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
¹¹ Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar, Institut Municipald'Investigació Médica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.
¹² Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain.
¹³ Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain.
¹⁴ Unit of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Pediatric Service, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.

PMID: 35602745
PMCID: PMC9116151
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.705912

Erratum in

Corrigendum: Reliability and validation of the child eating behavior questionnaire in 3- to 6-year-old Spanish children.
Jimeno-Martínez A, Maneschy I, Moreno LA, Bueno-Lozano G, De Miguel-Etayo P, Flores-Rojas K, Jurado-Castro JM, de Lamas C, Vázquez-Cobela R, Martinez-Lacruz R, Portoles O, Martínez JA, Navas-Carretero S, Schröder H, Fitó M, Babio N, Salas-Salvadó J, Leis R, Gil-Campos M, Rupérez AI. Jimeno-Martínez A, et al. Front Psychol. 2022 Nov 15;13:1075681. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1075681. eCollection 2022. Front Psychol. 2022. PMID: 36457907 Free PMC article.

Abstract

Introduction: Eating behavior is often established during the first years of life. Therefore, it is important to make a research on it to understand the relationships that children have with food and how this can contribute to prevent the development of childhood obesity. An appropriate assessment of eating behavior can be achieved using the "Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire" (CEBQ). This questionnaire has been validated in several populations and languages, but it has never been translated, adapted, and validated for Spanish children.

Aim: To evaluate the reliability and internal consistency of the CEBQ questionnaire, culturally adapted and translated into Spanish (Spain), in Spanish families with children aged 3 to 6 years, as well as its association with children's body mass index (BMI) to test its construct validity.

Materials and methods: Children between 3 and 6 years old were recruited from the ongoing MELI-POP randomized controlled clinical trial, as well as from public schools located in middle class neighborhoods of Zaragoza, Spain, to complete the sample. Sociodemographic characteristics and anthropometric measures were obtained according to standardized methods. The 35-item CEBQ questionnaire was completed twice with a time difference of 3 weeks between each response. Statistical analyses included the evaluation of internal consistency and reliability of the questionnaire, a confirmatory factor analysis, and the association between the different CEBQ scales and the children's BMI.

Results: A total of 197 children completed variables; 97 of them were boys (49.2%) and 100 girls (50.8%). Mean age of the total sample was 4.7 ± 0.9 years. There was a high test-re-test reliability of the questionnaire with values close to 1, with an average of 0.66 and a good internal consistency (Cronbach alpha with values above 0.7), so that a high reliability is established between the items in each scale. A gradual positive association was found between the score of different "pro-intake" scales of the CEBQ: "Food Responsiveness," "Emotional Overeating," and "Enjoyment of food" and the children's BMI; at the opposite, negative associations were observed between BMI and the score of anti-intake scales "Satiety Responsiveness," "Slowness in Eating," and "Emotional Undereating."

Conclusion: The Spanish version of the CEBQ is a useful tool to assess the eating behavior of Spanish children because the high reliability and internal validity. There is a significant association between eating behavior and BMI in Spanish children.

Keywords: body mass index; child eating behavior questionnaire; childhood obesity; eating behavior; reliability; validation.

Copyright © 2022 Jimeno-Martínez, Maneschy, Moreno, Bueno-Lozano, De Miguel-Etayo, Flores-Rojas, Jurado-Castro, de Lamas, Vázquez-Cobela, Martinez-Lacruz, Portoles, Martínez, Navas-Carretero, Schröder, Fitó, Babio, Salas-Salvadó, Leis, Gil-Campos and Rupérez.

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Conflict of interest statement

JS-S is a non-paid member of the Scientific Committee of the International Nut and Dried Fruit Foundation. He has received grants/research support from the American Pistachio Growers and International Nut and Dried Fruit Foundation through his Institution. He is an honorary member of the “Instituto Danone” in Spain and non-paid member of International Danone Institute. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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Reliability and Validation of the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire in 3- to 6-Year-Old Spanish Children

Affiliations

Reliability and Validation of the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire in 3- to 6-Year-Old Spanish Children

Authors

Affiliations

Erratum in

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

References

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources