Tuberculous Aortic Aneurysm - A Review

Abstract

Introduction: Tuberculous aortic aneurysm (TBAA) is an exceedingly rare but severe manifestation of tuberculosis, with a high risk of sudden rupture of the aorta in absence of medical or surgical intervention. This review aimed to provide a detailed understanding of TBAA, including its associated complications, affected population, treatment measures, and outcomes.

Methods: Case studies and relevant research articles were analyzed to understand the recent advances in medical scientific knowledge on TBAA. Recent clinical case reports on TBAA were searched from the year 2010 to 2020.

Results: Case reports indicated a higher prevalence of TBAA in the male population. The most affected age group was 15 to 79 years. The most common treatment for TBAA included surgery followed by antituberculous medication. The case reports discussed in this review reflected open surgery, endovascular repair, coil embolization, laparotomy, aortic valve and root replacement as some of the surgical procedures used depending on the complication and type of aneurysm. The treatment outcome was considered effective in most cases.

Conclusion: Postoperative chemotherapy and medications reduce the risk of severity. Early diagnosis of TBAA is imperative, followed by surgical resection and postoperative antituberculous medication with careful follow-up to prevent relapse.

Keywords: Aortic Aneurysm; Blood Vessel Prosthesis; Early Diagnosis; Endovascular Procedures; Treatment Outcome; Tuberculosis.

Fig. 1

Gender as a risk factor for TBAA observed in the case reports from the last ten years.