Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2022 Sep;129(9):1235-1245.
doi: 10.1007/s00702-022-02509-1. Epub 2022 May 23.

Life style and Parkinson's disease

Heinz Reichmann  1 , Ilona Csoti  2 , Jiri Koschel  3 , Stefan Lorenzl  4 , Christoph Schrader  5 , Juergen Winkler  6 , Ullrich Wüllner  7
Affiliations
Review

Life style and Parkinson's disease

Heinz Reichmann et al. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2022 Sep.

Abstract

The question whether life style may impair the advent or course of the disease in patients with Parkinsonism is of great importance for patients and physicians alike. We present here comprehensive information on the influence of the environment, diet (especially caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, chocolate and dairy products), physical activity and sleep on risk and course of Parkinson's disease.

Keywords: Alcohol; Caffeine; Environment; Life style; Nicotine; Parkinson’s disease; Physical activity.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Interplay between predisposition and exposition for the development of Parkinson's disease
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Ahmed H, et al. Parkinson’s disease and pesticides: a meta-analysis of disease connection and genetic alterations. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017;90:638–649. - PubMed
    1. Altman RD, Lang AE, Postuma RB. Caffeine in Parkinson's disease: a pilot open-label, dose-escalation study. Mov Disord. 2011;26(13):2427–2431. doi: 10.1002/mds.23873. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Anyanwu BO, et al. Heavy metal mixture exposure and effects in developing nations: an update. Toxics. 2018;6(4):65. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Ascherio A, Schwarzschild MA. The epidemiology of Parkinson's disease: risk factors and prevention. Lancet Neurol. 2016;15(12):1257–1272. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(16)30230-7. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Bakshi R, Macklin EA, Hung AY, et al. Associations of Lower caffeine intake and plasma urate levels with idiopathic Parkinson's disease in the Harvard biomarkers study. J Parkinsons Dis. 2020;10(2):505–510. doi: 10.3233/JPD-191882. - DOI - PMC - PubMed