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Review
. 2022 Mar 31;33(1):7-13.
doi: 10.31138/mjr.33.1.7. eCollection 2022 Mar.

The Immunomodulatory Properties of Vitamin D

Lambros Athanassiou  1 , Clio P Mavragani  1 , Michael Koutsilieris  1
Affiliations
Review

The Immunomodulatory Properties of Vitamin D

Lambros Athanassiou et al. Mediterr J Rheumatol. .

Abstract

Since its discovery, vitamin D was shown to have both immunostimulatory and immunomodulatory effects on the immune system. A growing body of evidence so far linked vitamin D deficiency with the development and severity of several systemic and organ specific autoimmune/inflammatory diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and multiple sclerosis. In the present report, the multiple and diverse effects of vitamin D on the immune system are reviewed.

Keywords: adaptive immunity; immune tolerance; immunomodulation; innate immunity; vitamin D; vitamin D deficiency.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
The effects of vitamin D on the immune system.,,,
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Cells of the immune system which are targets of vitamin D, macrophages,,,, neutrophils, T lymphocytes,,, dendritic cells, B lymphocytes.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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