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Review
. 2022;20(11):2175-2201.
doi: 10.2174/1570159X20666220524120231.

Animal Models to Investigate the Impact of Flavors on Nicotine Addiction and Dependence

Deniz Bagdas  1   2 , Nardos Kebede  1 , Andy Ma Zepei  1 , Lilley Harris  1 , Karina Minanov  1 , Marina R Picciotto  1   2 , Nii A Addy  1   2   3   4
Affiliations
Review

Animal Models to Investigate the Impact of Flavors on Nicotine Addiction and Dependence

Deniz Bagdas et al. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2022.

Abstract

Background: Tobacco use in humans is a long-standing public health concern. Flavors are common additives in tobacco and alternative tobacco products, added to mask nicotine's harsh orosensory effects and increase the appeal of these products. Animal models are integral for investigating nicotine use and addiction and are helpful for understanding the effects of flavor additives on the use of nicotine delivery products.

Objective: This review focuses on preclinical models to evaluate the contribution of flavor additives to nicotine addiction.

Materials and methods: An electronic literature search was conducted by authors up to May 2022. Original articles were selected.

Results: The behavioral models of rodents described here capture multiple dimensions of human flavored nicotine use behaviors, including advantages and disadvantages.

Conclusion: The consensus of the literature search was that human research on nicotine use behavior has not caught up with fast-changing product innovations, marketing practices, and federal regulations. Animal models are therefore needed to investigate mechanisms underlying nicotine use and addiction. This review provides a comprehensive overvie.

Keywords: Nicotine; addiction; animal model; e-cigarettes; flavor; self-administration.

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Figures

Fig. (1)
Fig. (1)
Two-bottle choice model, created with biorender.com.
Fig. (2)
Fig. (2)
The experimental set-up of IVSA and IOSA is shown simultaneously. The gray catheter is used in IVSA and the red catheter is used in IOSA. The novel method IOIVSA uses both catheters. Created with Biorender.com.
Fig. (3)
Fig. (3)
Passive vapor exposure model, created with Biorender.com.
Fig. (4)
Fig. (4)
Vapor self-administration model, created with Biorender.com.
Fig. (5)
Fig. (5)
a) shows a three-chamber place preference model. b) shows a two-chamber place preference model. Created with BioRender.com.
Fig. (6)
Fig. (6)
Representative schema for taste reactivity test. Rats are placed in a clear apparatus secured above an angled mirror. A video camera aimed at the mirror captures the taste reactivity responses to solutions infused into the oral cavity. Created with Biorender.com.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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    1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Current Cigarette Smoking Among U.S. Adults Aged 18 Years and Older; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: Atlanta, Georgia. 2022. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/resources/data/cigarette-smoki... (Accessed May 14, 2022).