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Observational Study
. 2022 May 24;12(5):e054981.
doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054981.

Agreement between self-reported and researcher-measured height, weight and blood pressure measurements for online prescription of the combined oral contraceptive pill: an observational study

Hannah McCulloch  1 , Alessandra Morelli  2 , Caroline Free  3 , Jonathan Syred  2 , Riley Botelle  2 , Paula Baraitser  4   5
Affiliations
Observational Study

Agreement between self-reported and researcher-measured height, weight and blood pressure measurements for online prescription of the combined oral contraceptive pill: an observational study

Hannah McCulloch et al. BMJ Open. .

Abstract

Objectives: To compare agreement between self-reported height, weight and blood pressure measurements submitted to an online contraceptive service with researcher-measured values and document strategies used for self-reporting.

Design: An observational study.

Setting: An online sexual health service which provided the combined oral contraceptive pill, free of charge, to users in Southeast London, England.

Participants: Between August 2017 and August 2019, 365 participants were recruited.

Primary and secondary outcome measures: The primary outcome, for which the study was powered, was the agreement between self-reported and researcher-measured body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure measurements, compared using kappa coefficients. Secondary measures of agreement included sensitivity, specificity and Bland Altman plots. The study also describes strategies used for self-reporting and classifies their clinical appropriateness.

Results: 327 participants fully described their process of blood pressure measurement with 296 (90.5%) classified as clinically appropriate. Agreement between self-reported and researcher-measured BMI was substantial (0.72 (95% CI 0.42 to 1.0)), but poor for blood pressure (0.06 (95% CI -0.11 to 0.23)). Self-reported height and weight readings identified 80.0% (95% CI 28.4 to 99.5) of individuals with a researcher-measured high BMI (≥than 35 kg/m2) and 9.1% (95% CI 0.23 to 41.3) of participants with a researcher-measured high blood pressure (≥140/90 mm Hg).

Conclusion: In this study, while self-reported BMI was found to have substantial agreement with researcher-measured BMI, self-reported blood pressure was shown to have poor agreement with researcher-measured blood pressure. This may be due to the inherent variability of blood pressure, overdiagnosis of hypertension by researchers due to 'white coat syndrome' or inaccurate self-reporting. Strategies to improve self-reporting of blood pressure for remote prescription of the combined pill are needed.

Keywords: public health; reproductive medicine; sexual medicine.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: Since completion of this study, HM has worked at the online service on a different research project. PB is clinical director of the online service studied and is one of the prescribers within this service. AM has also been employed by the online service as a bank clinical support midwife. This work is part of a process of research on innovation at SH:24 where all innovation is the subject of research to ensure that learning is shared widely. SH:24 is a ‘not for profit’ organisation that provides health services to the National Health Service and sharing learning through innovation and research is one of the principles of the organisation.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Recruitment flow chart for study participants
Figure 2
Figure 2
Bland Altman plot of the differences between self-reported and researcher-measured body mass index (BMI) compared with the mean self-reported and researcher-measured BMI. The central line represents the mean difference between self-reported and researcher-measured BMI. The upper and lower boundaries represent the 95% limits of agreement.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Bland Altman plot of the differences between self-reported and researcher-measured systolic blood pressure (BP) compared with the mean self-reported and researcher-measured systolic BP. The central line represents the mean difference between self-reported and researcher-measured systolic BP. The upper and lower boundaries represent the 95% limits of agreement.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Bland Altman plot of the differences between self-reported and researcher-measured diastolic blood pressure (BP) compared with the mean self-reported and researcher-measured diastolic BP. The central line represents the mean difference between self-reported and researcher-measured diastolic BP. The upper and lower boundaries represent the 95% limits of agreement.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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