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. 2022 May 9:13:896793.
doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.896793. eCollection 2022.

Transcriptome Analysis of Antennal Chemosensory Genes in Curculio Dieckmanni Faust. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Xiaoqian Ma  1   2 , Xinming Lu  1 , Ping Zhang  1 , Xun Deng  2 , Jianyang Bai  1 , Zhe Xu  1 , Jian Diao  1 , Hongyang Pang  3 , Qi Wang  2 , Hongying Zhao  2 , Wei Ma  4 , Ling Ma  1
Affiliations

Transcriptome Analysis of Antennal Chemosensory Genes in Curculio Dieckmanni Faust. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Xiaoqian Ma et al. Front Physiol. .

Abstract

The olfactory system plays a key role in regulating insect behaviors, such as locating host plants, spawning sites, and mating partners and avoiding predators. Chemosensory genes are required for olfactory recognition in insects. Curculio dieckmanni Faust. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) damages hazelnuts and causes severe economic losses. There are no effective control measures, but understanding the olfaction mechanisms of this insect could lead to a new approach for population management. However, the genes that perform chemosensory functions in C. dieckmanni are still unclear. Using high-throughput sequencing, we assembled the antennal transcriptome of C. dieckmanni and annotated the major chemosensory gene families. Of the chemosensory gene families, we found 23 odorant-binding proteins, 15 chemosensory proteins, 2 sensory neuron membrane proteins, 15 odorant receptors, 23 ionotropic receptors, and nine gustatory receptors. Using Blast sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis, the sequences of these proteins were identified. Male- and female-specific chemosensory genes involved in odorant detection and recognition were validated by qRT-PCR. Among the chemosensory genes, we found significant differences in the expression of CdieOBP8, CdieOBP9, CdieOBP19, CdieOBP20, CdieOBP21, CdieCSP15, CdieOR13, and CdieOR15 between adult male and female C. dieckmanni. A total of 87 expressed chemosensory proteins were found in C. dieckmanni. Investigating these proteins will help reveal the molecular mechanism of odorant recognition in C. dieckmanni and may aid the development of novel control strategies for this species.

Keywords: antennal transcriptome; chemosensory genes; control strategies; curculio dieckmanni; curculionoidea.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Alignment of candidate OBPs of C. dieckmanni. The highly conserved cysteine residues are marked with red triangles.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Maximum likelihood tree of OBPs in C. dieckmanni (Cdie, red), D. adjunctus (Dadj, blue), D. armandi (Darm, green), Ips typographus (Ityp, yellow), Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (Lory, orange), S. zeamais (Szea, black), and T. yunnanensis (Tyun, purple). The scale bar represents 0.5 amino acid substitutions per site.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Alignment of candidate CSPs of C. dieckmanni. Each highly conserved cysteine residue is marked with a red triangle above it.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Maximum likelihood tree of CSPs in C. dieckmanni (Cdie, red), Dendroctonus adjunctus (Dadj, green), Dendroctonus armandi (Darm, orange), Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (Lory, black), Dendroctonus ponderosae (Dpon, blue), and Tomicus yunnanensis (Tyun, purple). The scale bar represents 0.5 amino acid substitutions per site.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Maximum likelihood tree of SNMPs in C. dieckmanni (Cdie, red), S. zeamais (Szea, green), Ips typographus (Ityp, orange), Cylas formicarius (Cfor, purple), and Dendroctonus ponderosae (Dpon, black). The scale bar represents the 0.1 amino acid substitutions per site.
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of candidate ORs in C. dieckmanni (Cdie, red), Dendroctonus ponderosae (Dpon, black), Ips typographus (Ityp, blue), Cylas formicarius (Cfor, green), and Sitophilus oryzae (Sory, orange). The scale bar represents 1 amino acid substitution per site.
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 7
Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of candidate IRs in C. dieckmanni (Cdie, red), Dendroctonus ponderosae (Dpon, black), Ips typographus (Ityp, blue), Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (Lory, green), Sitophilus oryzae (Sory, orange), and Cylas formicarius (Cfor, purple). The scale bar represents 1 amino acid substitution per site.
FIGURE 8
FIGURE 8
Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of candidate GRs in C. dieckmanni (Cdie, red), Dendroctonus ponderosae (Dpon, black), Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (Lory, purple), Ips typographus (Ityp, blue), and Cylas formicarius (Cfor, green). The scale bar represents the 1 amino acid substitutions per site.
FIGURE 9
FIGURE 9
Heatmap of significant differentially expressed genes in C. dieckmanni. Cluster analyses were based on log2RPKM. Each column represents a sample and each row represents a gene. Red boxes represent highly expressed genes. Blue boxes represent lowly expressed genes. DM1, DM2, and DM3 represent three replicate samples of males. DF1, DF2, and DF3 represent three replicate samples of females.
FIGURE 10
FIGURE 10
Relative expression levels of chemosensory genes in C. dieckmanni OBPs. FA: Female antennae; MA: Male antennae. The asterisks above each bar represent significant differences (p < 0.05).
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