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Observational Study
. 2022 Aug;85(2):123-129.
doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.05.022. Epub 2022 May 23.

Risk of cardiac device-related infection in patients with late-onset bloodstream infection. Analysis on a National Cohort

Lucía Boix-Palop  1 , Beatriz Dietl  2 , Esther Calbo  3 , Andrea Di Marco  4 , Mariona Xercavins  5 , Pedro María Martínez Pérez-Crespo  6 , Adrián Sousa  7 , Miguel Montejo Baranda  8 , Jesús Rodríguez-Baño  6 , Luis Eduardo López-Cortés  6
Affiliations
Observational Study

Risk of cardiac device-related infection in patients with late-onset bloodstream infection. Analysis on a National Cohort

Lucía Boix-Palop et al. J Infect. 2022 Aug.

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the incidence of cardiac device-related infection (CDRI) among patients with cardiac device (CD) during late-onset bloodstream infection (BSI) and to identify the risk factors associated with CDRI.

Methods: Patients with a CD (cardiac implantable electronic devices -CIED- and/or prosthetic heart valve -PHV-) and late-onset-BSI (>1 year after the CD implantation/last manipulation) were selected from the PROBAC project, a prospective, observational cohort study including adult patients with bacteraemia consecutively admitted to 26 Spanish hospitals from October 2016 to March 2017. Multivariate analyses using logistic regression were performed to identify the risk factors associated with CDRI.

Results: 317 BSI from patients carrying a CD were registered, 187 (56.2%) were late-onset-BSI. A total of 40 (21.4%) CDRI were identified during late-onset-BSI. The CDRI cumulative incidence in Gram-positive-BSI was 41.8% (38/91), with S. aureus, Enterococcus spp. and viridans streptococci showing the greatest percentages: 40% (12/30), 42% (11/26) and 75% (6/8), respectively. Independent predictors of CDRI were an unknown source of infection (OR: 2.88 [CI 95%:1.18-7.06], p = 0.02), Gram-positive-aetiology (23.1 [5.23-102.1], p < 0.001) and persistent bacteraemia (4.81 [1.21-19], p = 0.03). In an exploratory analysis, S. aureus (3.99 [1.37-11.65], p = 0.011), Enterococcus spp. (5.21 [1.76-15.4], p = 0.003) and viridans streptococci (28.7 [4.71-173.5], p < 0.001) aetiology were also found to be risk factors for CDRI.

Conclusions: CDRI during late-onset-BSI is a frequent phenomenon. Risk of CDRI differs among species, happening in almost half of the Gram-positive-BSI. An unknown source of the primary infection, Gram-positive-aetiology -especially S. aureus, Enterococcus spp. and viridans streptococci-, and persistent bacteraemia were identified as risk factors for CDRI.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Competing Interest L.B-P. has accepted conference invitations from Astellas, Pfizer and MSD. E.C. has accepted grants, speaking engagements and conference invitations from Astellas, AstraZeneca, Novartis, Pfizer and MSD. L.E.L-C. has served as scientific advisor for Novartis, speaker for MSD, Pfizer, Angelini, and ViiV, and has served as trainer for MSD and ViiV. All other authors: none to declare.

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