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Review
. 2022 May 23;20(5):337.
doi: 10.3390/md20050337.

Secondary Metabolites Isolated from Chilean Marine Algae: A Review

Dioni Arrieche  1 , Héctor Carrasco  2 , Andrés F Olea  2 , Luis Espinoza  1 , Aurelio San-Martín  3 , Lautaro Taborga  1
Affiliations
Review

Secondary Metabolites Isolated from Chilean Marine Algae: A Review

Dioni Arrieche et al. Mar Drugs. .

Abstract

Chile is in the extreme southwestern part of America, and it has an extreme length, of approximately 4300 km that increases to 8000 km considering the Chilean Antarctic Territory. Despite the large extent of its coastal territory and the diversity of geographic environments and climates associated with Chilean coasts, the research on marine resources in Chile has been rather scarce. From marine organisms found in Chilean coastal waters, algae have been the most studied, since they contain a wide range of interesting secondary metabolites that have some structural traits that make them unique and uncharacteristic. Thus, a wide structural variety of natural products including terpenoids (monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, and meroterpenoids), furanones, and C15-acetogenins have been isolated and identified. This review describes the existing literature on bioprospecting and exploration of secondary metabolites from Chilean coasts.

Keywords: Chilean algae; biological activities; biosynthesis; marine natural products; secondary metabolites; structure elucidation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Terpenoid drug leads.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Terpenoids isolated from Trimusculus peruvianus.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Common skeletons of terpenes isolated from marine organisms.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Linear polyhydroxylated monoterpenes isolated from Chilean algae.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Secondary metabolites isolated from Chilean algae species Ceramium rubrum.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Polyhalogenated monocyclic monoterpenes, isolated from Chilean algae.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Polyhalogenated monocyclic monoterpene, obtained from endemic Antarctic species Pantoneura plocamioides and P. cartilaginuem L. (Dixon).
Figure 8
Figure 8
Tetrahydropyran monoterpenes isolated from Chilean algae.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Tetrahydrofuran monoterpenes isolated from Chilean algae.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Claviol (39) and sesquiterpenes with chamigrene skeleton isolated from Chilean red alga Laurencia claviformis.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Perhydroazulene diterpenes isolated from the Chilean brown alga Dictyota crenulata.
Figure 12
Figure 12
New xenicane diterpene isolated from the Chilean brown alga Glossophora kunthii.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Crenulide diterpenes isolated from the Chilean brown alga Glossophora kunthii.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Plastoquinone diterpenes isolated from the Chilean brown alga Desmarestia menziesii.
Figure 15
Figure 15
Meroterpenoids isolated from Chilean brown alga Stypopodium flabelliforme.
Figure 16
Figure 16
Linear polyhalogenated C15-acetogenins isolated from the Chilean marine alga Ptilonia magellanica.
Figure 17
Figure 17
Cyclic polyhalogenated C15-acetogenins isolated from Chilean marine alga Ptilonia magellanica.
Figure 18
Figure 18
Bromoallene C15-acetogenins isolated from Chilean marine alga Laurencia claviformis.
Figure 19
Figure 19
Furanones isolated from Chilean Marine Algae Laurencia chilensis.
Figure 20
Figure 20
Tetracyclic polyketal isolated from Chilean marine alga Laurencia chilensis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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