Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 May 19;7(5):79.
doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed7050079.

Zoonotic Flavivirus Exposure in Peri-Urban and Suburban Pig-Keeping in Hanoi, Vietnam, and the Knowledge and Preventive Practices of Pig Farmers

Long Pham-Thanh  1   2   3 , Thang Nguyen-Tien  1   2 , Ulf Magnusson  4 , Vuong Nghia Bui  5 , Anh Ngoc Bui  5 , Åke Lundkvist  2 , Duoc Trong Vu  6 , Son Hai Tran  6 , Minh Xuan Can  7 , Hung Nguyen-Viet  1 , Johanna F Lindahl  1   2   4
Affiliations

Zoonotic Flavivirus Exposure in Peri-Urban and Suburban Pig-Keeping in Hanoi, Vietnam, and the Knowledge and Preventive Practices of Pig Farmers

Long Pham-Thanh et al. Trop Med Infect Dis. .

Abstract

Mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs), including those caused by flaviviruses, remain human health problems for developing and urbanizing economies. This cross-sectional study examined risks of flavivirus exposure through a survey regarding knowledge and practices of pig farmers, and serological analysis of pigs in peri-urban and suburban Hanoi city. A total of 636 pig sera from 179 pig farms in 4 districts, namely, Chuong My, Dan Phuong, Ha Dong, and Bac Tu Liem, were analyzed by a competitive ELISA designed for flavivirus antibody detection. The results indicated a low level of awareness about MBDs among pig farmers, and a high seroprevalence in pigs at 88.5% (95%CI = 85.8-90.9%). Moreover, common practices of pig owners to prevent mosquitoes at home and farm did not show a significant reduction in flavivirus exposure in pigs. At animal level, significant associations between seropositive pigs and the farms with more than 60 pigs, and the district location were found. Farm-level multivariable analysis did not identify significant risk factors for flavivirus exposure. The study suggests that improving awareness of pig owners about MBDs in Hanoi city may be warranted to reduce the risk for MBD flavivirus infections in both humans and pigs.

Keywords: Hanoi; flaviviruses; knowledge and practices; mosquitoes; pigs; risk factors; serology.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Distribution of sampled pig farms in Hanoi, Vietnam, and flavivirus serological results.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Pierson T.C., Diamond M.S. The continued threat of emerging flaviviruses. Nat. Microbiol. 2020;5:796–812. doi: 10.1038/s41564-020-0714-0. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Gwee S.X.W., John A.L.S., Gray G.C., Pang J. Animals as potential reservoirs for dengue transmission: A systematic review. One Health. 2021;12:100216. doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100216. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Ladreyt H., Durand B., Dussart P., Chevalier V. How Central Is the Domestic Pig in the Epidemiological Cycle of Japanese Encephalitis Virus? A Review of Scientific Evidence and Implications for Disease Control. Viruses. 2019;11:949. doi: 10.3390/v11100949. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Gutiérrez-Guzmán A.-V., Vicente J., Sobrino R., Perez-Ramírez E., Llorente F., Höfle U. Antibodies to West Nile virus and related flaviviruses in wild boar, red foxes and other mesomammals from Spain. Vet. Microbiol. 2012;159:291–297. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.04.019. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Nunez-Avellaneda D., Cetina-Trejo R.C., Zamudio-Moreno E., Baak-Baak C., Cigarroa-Toledo N., Reyes-Solis G., Ortega-Pacheco A., Suzán G., Tandugu C., García-Rejón J.E., et al. Evidence of Zika Virus Infection in Pigs and Mosquitoes, Mexico. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2021;27:574–577. doi: 10.3201/eid2702.201452. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources