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Review
. 2022 Apr 29;11(5):886.
doi: 10.3390/antiox11050886.

The Intertwined Roles of Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Glaucoma

Daire John Hurley  1 , Caoimhe Normile  1 , Mustapha Irnaten  1 , Colm O'Brien  1
Affiliations
Review

The Intertwined Roles of Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Glaucoma

Daire John Hurley et al. Antioxidants (Basel). .

Abstract

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, and the burden of the disease continues to grow as the global population ages. Currently, the only treatment option is to lower intraocular pressure. A better understanding of glaucoma pathogenesis will help us to develop novel therapeutic options. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance in redox homeostasis, with reactive oxygen species producing processes overcoming anti-oxidant defensive processes. Oxidative stress works in a synergistic fashion with endoplasmic reticulum stress, to drive glaucomatous damage to trabecular meshwork, retinal ganglion cells and the optic nerve head. We discuss the oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways and their connections including their key intermediary, calcium. We highlight therapeutic options aimed at disrupting these pathways and discuss their potential role in glaucoma treatment.

Keywords: endoplasmic reticulum stress; glaucoma; novel therapies; oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Diagram of eye regions of interest.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Oxidative Stress.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Unfolded protein response (UPR) Pathways.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Timeline of gene discoveries linked to the development of glaucoma.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The interplay of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress in glaucoma.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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