Dynamics of Oxidative Stress in Helicobacter pylori-Positive Patients with Atrophic Body Gastritis and Various Stages of Gastric Cancer

Abstract

Gastric cancer is a global health problem. The pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear. This study included 198 H. pylori (+) men aged 45 to 60 years old. Group A included 63 practically healthy men, group B included 45 men with severe atrophic body gastritis, group C included 37 men with epithelial gastric cancer stages I-II according to TNM, and group D included 54 men with epithelial gastric cancer stages III-IV according to the TNM scale. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA), diene conjugates (DCs), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione peroxidase (GPO) was detected using an enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) or spectrophotometric methods in the blood plasma. The concentrations of MDA and DC were increased in the patients of group B compared with group A, and in patients of groups C and D compared with groups A and B. The ratio of MDA/SOD and MDA/CAT was decreased in the patients in group D compared with the patients in group C, and was significantly higher compared with group A. The ratios of MDA/GPO and MDA/GST increased linearly and were at a maximum in groups C and D. Our work determined that indicators of oxidative stress may be the biochemical substrate, which brings together the various stages of the Correa cascade, and may explain disease progression. The dynamics of changes in the content of SOD and CAT in the plasma in patients with gastric cancer may be a target of future investigations.

Keywords: Helicobacter pylori; antioxidant protection; atrophic gastritis; gastric cancer; lipid peroxidation; oxidative stress.

Figure 1

The content of diene conjugates in the blood plasma of patients with atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer.

Figure 2

The content of malonic dialdehyde in the blood plasma of patients with atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer.

Figure 3

Concentration ratios of malonic dialdehyde to superoxide dismutase and malonic dialdehyde to catalase in the blood plasma of patients with atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer. 1—Group A; 2—Group B; 3—Group C; 4—Group D. The significance of differences was assessed by the Kruskal–Wallis H test and Mann–Whitney U test. Kruskal–Wallis H test: MDA/SOD p < 0.001; MDA/CAT p < 0.001. Mann–Whitney U test MDA/SOD: p_1–2 = 0.03, p_2–3 < 0.001, p_3–4 = 0.02. Mann–Whitney U test MDA/CAT: p_1–2 = 0.02, p_2–3 < 0.001, p_3–4 = 0.02.

Figure 4

Concentration ratios of malonic dialdehyde to glutathione peroxidase and malonic dialdehyde to glutathione S-transferase in the blood plasma of patients with atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer. 1—Group A; 2—Group B; 3—Group C; 4—Group D. The significance of differences was assessed using the Mann–Whitney U test. Kruskal–Wallis H test: MDA/GST p < 0.001; MDA/GPO p < 0.001. Mann–Whitney U test MDA/GST: p_1–2 = 0.03, p_2–3 < 0.001, p_3–4 < 0.02; Mann–Whitney U test MDA/GPO: p_1–2 = 0.06, p_2–3 < 0.001, p_3–4 < 0.001.