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. 2022 May 12;19(10):5887.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph19105887.

Knowledge Gaps and Research Priorities on the Health Effects of Heatwaves: A Systematic Review of Reviews

Andrea Conti  1   2 , Martina Valente  1   3 , Matteo Paganini  1 , Marco Farsoni  2 , Luca Ragazzoni  1   3 , Francesco Barone-Adesi  1   2
Affiliations

Knowledge Gaps and Research Priorities on the Health Effects of Heatwaves: A Systematic Review of Reviews

Andrea Conti et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

Although extreme weather events have played a constant role in human history, heatwaves (HWs) have become more frequent and intense in the past decades, causing concern especially in light of the increasing evidence on climate change. Despite the increasing number of reviews suggesting a relationship between heat and health, these reviews focus primarily on mortality, neglecting other important aspects. This systematic review of reviews gathered the available evidence from research syntheses conducted on HWs and health. Following the PRISMA guidelines, 2232 records were retrieved, and 283 reviews were ultimately included. Information was extracted from the papers and categorized by topics. Quantitative data were extracted from meta-analyses and, when not available, evidence was collected from systematic reviews. Overall, 187 reviews were non-systematic, while 96 were systematic, of which 27 performed a meta-analysis. The majority evaluated mortality, morbidity, or vulnerability, while the other topics were scarcely addressed. The following main knowledge gaps were identified: lack of a universally accepted definition of HW; scarce evidence on the HW-mental health relationship; no meta-analyses assessing the risk perception of HWs; scarcity of studies evaluating the efficacy of adaptation strategies and interventions. Future efforts should meet these priorities to provide high-quality evidence to stakeholders.

Keywords: climate change; extreme weather event; global warming; heatwave; public health.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Categories and topics.
Figure 2
Figure 2
PRISMA flowchart.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Type of review over the years.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Categories addressed over the years.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Knowledge gaps and recommendations emerged from the included reviews.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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