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Meta-Analysis
. 2022 May 23;19(10):6336.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph19106336.

Effectiveness of Warm-Up Intervention Programs to Prevent Sports Injuries among Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Liyi Ding  1 , Jianfeng Luo  2 , Daniel M Smith  3 , Marcia Mackey  4 , Haiqing Fu  5 , Matthew Davis  3 , Yanping Hu  6
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Effectiveness of Warm-Up Intervention Programs to Prevent Sports Injuries among Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Liyi Ding et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

Sports participation by children and adolescents often results in injuries. Therefore, injury prevention warm-up programs are imperative for youth sports safety. The purpose of this paper was to assess the effectiveness of Warm-up Intervention Programs (WIP) on upper and lower limb sports injuries through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Searches for relevant studies were performed on PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane databases. Studies selected met the following criteria: original data; analytic prospective design; investigated a WIP and included outcomes for injury sustained during sports participation. Two authors assessed the quality of evidence using Furlan’s criteria. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3.3 software was used to process and analyze the outcome indicators of the literature. Across fifteen studies, the pooled point estimated injury rate ratio (IRR) was 0.64 (95% CI = 0.54−0.75; 36% reduction) while accounting for hours of risk exposure. Publication bias assessment suggested a 6% reduction in the estimate (IRR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.60−0.82), and the prediction interval intimated that any study estimate could still fall between 0.34 and 1.19. Subgroup analyses identified one significant moderator that existed in the subgroup of compliance (p < 0.01) and might be the source of heterogeneity. Compared with the control group, WIPs significantly reduced the injury rate ratio of upper and lower limb sports injuries in children and adolescents.

Keywords: adolescents; children; sports activity; sports injuries; warm-up intervention program.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow diagram for screening and selection of studies according to PRISMA (Appendix A).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Forest plot illustrating the pooled effect of warm-up intervention program (WIP) as compared with controls on IRR.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Funnel plot based on study standard error and log risk ratio in assessing publication bias.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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