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. 2022 May 14;11(10):2773.
doi: 10.3390/jcm11102773.

Design and Validation of a Scale of Knowledge of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Lifestyle after Coronary Event

María Ángeles Bernal-Jiménez  1   2   3 , Germán Calle-Pérez  2   4 , Alejandro Gutiérrez-Barrios  2   4 , Livia Gheorghe  2   4 , Ana María Solano-Mulero  4 , Nuria Trujillo-Garrido  1   2   3 , Amelia Rodríguez-Martín  1   5 , Josep A Tur  6 , Rafael Vázquez-García  2   4 , María José Santi-Cano  1   2   3
Affiliations

Design and Validation of a Scale of Knowledge of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Lifestyle after Coronary Event

María Ángeles Bernal-Jiménez et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

Background: It is important for health professionals to have tools available to assess patients' knowledge of lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors after they have suffered a coronary event and determine whether educational interventions are effective. This study aims to design and validate a scale to evaluate this knowledge.

Methods: Four-phase instrument design: (A) Conceptual review. (B) Review by experts. (C) Pilot test-retest. (D) Psychometric validation of the final version of the questionnaire with 24 items. A panel of experts performed the content validity. The reliability of the scale was measured using Cronbach's alpha score and criterion validity was evaluated by comparing the total scores for knowledge obtained by the participants among the three education level groups. The construct and dimensional structure validity were assessed using exploratory factor analysis.

Results: A total of 143 people participated, 30 in the pilot study and 113 (68% male, 60.2 ± 9 years) in the psychometric validation of version 3 of the scale. A Cronbach's alpha score of 0.887 was reached for this version. The factor analysis showed that the items were distributed into five factors that explained 57% of the variance. Significant differences were observed in the level of knowledge among the patients of the three levels of education (low, moderate and high) (99.20 ± 11.93, 105.92 ± 7.85, 109.78 ± 8.76 points, p = 0.003), as there was a negative correlation between age and knowledge level (r = -0.213, p = 0.024).

Conclusions: The scale presents psychometric properties that are evidence of its reliability and validity. The relationship demonstrated between the level of knowledge and age, sex and level of education shows the importance of emphasizing educational interventions for elderly people and those with a lower level of education.

Keywords: cardiovascular risk factors; coronary disease; knowledge; lifestyle; scale.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
General schema of the development of the study to design and validate a scale to assess knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors and the lifestyle recommended after a coronary event.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Contents identified and selected in search of the literature into knowledge and attitudes about cardiovascular risk factors and the lifestyle recommended for managing them after a coronary event.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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