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Review
. 2022 May 2;12(5):676.
doi: 10.3390/life12050676.

Herbal Medicines against Hydatid Disease: A Systematic Review (2000-2021)

Mughees Aizaz Alvi  1   2 , Sadiq Khan  2 , Rana Muhammad Athar Ali  2 , Warda Qamar  3 , Muhammad Saqib  2 , Noman Yousaf Faridi  4 , Li Li  1 , Bao-Quan Fu  1   5 , Hong-Bin Yan  1 , Wan-Zhong Jia  1   5
Affiliations
Review

Herbal Medicines against Hydatid Disease: A Systematic Review (2000-2021)

Mughees Aizaz Alvi et al. Life (Basel). .

Abstract

Echinococcosis is a serious public health issue that affects people and livestock all over the world. Many synthetic and natural products have been examined in vitro and in vivo on Echinococcus species but only a few are used clinically, however, they may cause some complications and side effects. To overcome these limitations, new horizons of herbal drugs to cure echinococcosis are opening with every passing day. To summarize the developments during the last 21 years, we conducted this review of the literature to identify medicinal herbs utilized throughout the world that have anti-Echinococcus activity. From 2000 to 2021, data were carefully obtained from four English databases: Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, and OpenGrey. Botanical name, extraction technique, extract quantities, efficacy, duration of treatment, year of publication, and half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were all well noted. Ninety-one published papers, with 78 in vitro and 15 in vivo, fulfilled our selection criteria. Fifty-eight different plant species were thoroughly tested against Echinococcus granulosus. Zataria multiflora, Nigella sativa, Berberis vulgaris, Zingiber officinale (ginger), and Allium sativum were the most often utilized anti-Echinococcus herbs and the leaves of the herbs were extensively used. The pooled value of IC50 was 61 (95% CI 60−61.9) according to the random effect model and a large degree of diversity among studies was observed. The current systematic study described the medicinal plants with anti-Echinococcus activity, which could be investigated in future experimental and clinical studies to identify their in vivo efficacy, lethal effects, and mechanisms of action.

Keywords: Echinococcus granulosus; efficacy; in vitro; in vivo; medicinal plants.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart indicating the screening process for the systematic review.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Plant-wise comparison of in vitro and in vivo studies.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Comparison of extraction methods used in 91 studies.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Comparison of parts of medicinal plants used in this systematic review.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Year-wise comparison of in vitro and in vivo studies.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Forest plot indicating pooled IC50 value along with 95% CI.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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