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. 2022 Apr 21;12(5):446.
doi: 10.3390/membranes12050446.

All-Solid-State Potentiometric Platforms Modified with a Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Fluoxetine Determination

Hisham S M Abd-Rabboh  1   2 , Heba M Hashem  2 , Layla M S Al Shagri  3 , Abdel El-Galil E Amr  4 , Abdulrahman A Almehizia  4 , Ahmed M Naglah  4 , Ayman H Kamel  2   3
Affiliations

All-Solid-State Potentiometric Platforms Modified with a Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Fluoxetine Determination

Hisham S M Abd-Rabboh et al. Membranes (Basel). .

Abstract

Novel cost-effective screen-printed potentiometric platforms for simple, fast, and accurate assessment of Fluoxetine (FLX) were designed and characterized. The potentiometric platforms integrate both the FLX sensor and the reference Ag/AgCl electrode. The sensors were based on the use of 4'-nitrobenzo-15-crown-5 (ionophore I), dibenzo-18-crown-6 (ionophore II), and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2-HP-β-CD) (ionophore III) as neutral carriers within a plasticized PVC matrix. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were used as a lipophilic ion-to-electron transducing material and sodium tetrakis [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] borate (NaTFPB) was used as an anionic excluder. The presented platforms revealed near-Nernstian potentiometric response with slopes of 56.2 ± 0.8, 56.3 ± 1.7 and 64.4 ± 0.2 mV/decade and detection limits of 5.2 × 10-6, 4.7 × 10-6 and 2.0 × 10-7 M in 10 mM Tris buffer solution, pH 7 for sensors based on ionophore I, II, and III, respectively. All measurements were carried out in 10 mM tris buffer solution at pH 7.0. The interfacial capacitance before and after insertion of the MWCNTs layer was evaluated for the presented sensors using the reverse-current chronopotentiometry. The sensors were introduced for successful determination of FLX drug in different pharmaceutical dosage forms. The results were compared with those obtained by the standard HPLC method. Recovery values were calculated after spiking fixed concentrations of FLX in different serum samples. The presented platforms can be potentially manufacturable at large scales and provide a portable, rapid, disposable, and cost-effective analytical tool for measuring FLX.

Keywords: fluoxetine; multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs); nanomaterials-based sensors; potentiometric sensors; screen printed.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest. All authors have approved the manuscript and agree with the submission to your esteemed journal.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Time-trace versus FLX concentration for sensors based on (A) ionophore I (B) ionophore II; (C) ionophore III; using o-NPOE, DOP and DBS as membrane solvent mediators. (Inset: calibration plot).
Figure 1
Figure 1
Time-trace versus FLX concentration for sensors based on (A) ionophore I (B) ionophore II; (C) ionophore III; using o-NPOE, DOP and DBS as membrane solvent mediators. (Inset: calibration plot).
Figure 2
Figure 2
pH-potential profiles for FLX membrane sensors plasticized in o, NPOE (A) ionophore I; (B) ionophore II and (C) ionophore III.
Figure 2
Figure 2
pH-potential profiles for FLX membrane sensors plasticized in o, NPOE (A) ionophore I; (B) ionophore II and (C) ionophore III.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Day-to-day performance characteristics of ionophore III based sensor.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Water layer tests for (A) non-modified, (B) and modified FLX sensors based on ionophores I, II, and III.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Current reversal chronopotentiometry for (a) non-modified and (b) modified FLX-ISEs based on ionophores I, II, and III.
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