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Review
. 2022 Apr 22;14(5):875.
doi: 10.3390/v14050875.

Rotaviruses: From Pathogenesis to Disease Control-A Critical Review

Cornelius A Omatola  1 , Ademola O Olaniran  1
Affiliations
Review

Rotaviruses: From Pathogenesis to Disease Control-A Critical Review

Cornelius A Omatola et al. Viruses. .

Abstract

Since their first recognition in human cases about four decades ago, rotaviruses have remained the leading cause of acute severe dehydrating diarrhea among infants and young children worldwide. The WHO prequalification of oral rotavirus vaccines (ORV) a decade ago and its introduction in many countries have yielded a significant decline in the global burden of the disease, although not without challenges to achieving global effectiveness. Poised by the unending malady of rotavirus diarrhea and the attributable death cases in developing countries, we provide detailed insights into rotavirus biology, exposure pathways, cellular receptors and pathogenesis, host immune response, epidemiology, and vaccination. Additionally, recent developments on the various host, viral and environmental associated factors impacting ORV performance in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC) are reviewed and their significance assessed. In addition, we review the advances in nonvaccine strategies (probiotics, candidate anti-rotaviral drugs, breastfeeding) to disease prevention and management.

Keywords: diarrhea; epidemiology; pathogenesis; rotavirus; vaccination.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic representation of the rotavirus virion [24].
Figure 2
Figure 2
Exposure pathways of rotavirus (conceptualized from refs. [28,68,69]).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Epidemiological triad of factors impacting oral rotavirus vaccine performance.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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