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. 2022 May 25;20(Suppl 1):e200420.
doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.e200420. eCollection 2022 May.

Benefit and risk assessment of replacing of sodium chloride by other salt/substances in industrial seafood products

Iga Rybicka  1   2 , Maria Leonor Nunes  1
Affiliations

Benefit and risk assessment of replacing of sodium chloride by other salt/substances in industrial seafood products

Iga Rybicka et al. EFSA J. .

Abstract

Sodium (Na) is primarily consumed as salt (sodium chloride, NaCl), which is a critical food ingredient that contributes to improve preservation, shelf-life and sensory attributes (e.g. texture and taste). On the other hand, the excessive Na intake is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases including stroke and heart diseases. The actual NaCl intake in most countries is far above recommended level of 5 g NaCl/day. Therefore, the reduction of NaCl is among top priorities for health authorities around the globe and the World Health Organization (WHO) adopted a strategy to reduce NaCl intake by 30% until 2025. Integral part of the reduction strategy is to limit NaCl intake from seafood, which is especially relevant for regions with a significant fish and shellfish consumption. The purpose of the project was to (i) review the current situation of relevant strategies to reducing NaCl content in seafood (literature review), (ii) assess benefit/risk of NaCl replacement with other substances/ingredients in seafood and (iii) disseminate results obtained. In the first phase of the project, the literature review was performed and the review paper was prepared. The second part of the project was focused on the experimental studies on smoked trout which commercially available products can deliver up to 4 g NaCl in 100 g. The aim of this study was to optimise the development process of smoked trout with reduced NaCl content without compromising quality and safety attributes. Another part of the project was related to the dissemination of results which resulted in the preparation of three conference abstracts and two experimental papers.

Keywords: fish; potassium chloride (KCl); salt reduction; seafood; sodium chloride (NaCl); trout.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Daily intake of salt (presented in g of NaCl per person per day) in Europe [European Commission, 2021]
Figure 2
Figure 2
Studies comprised in the review paper [adapted from draft of the paper]
None
Figure 3: Experiment I: the development of smoked trout with reduced content of NaCl [own data]
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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