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. 2022 Jun;10(6):e635.
doi: 10.1002/iid3.635.

Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of Lactobacillus spp. as a preservative and therapeutic agent for IBD control

Shadi Aghamohammad  1 , Amin Sepehr  1 , Seyedeh Tina Miri  2 , Saeideh Najafi  2 , Mohammad R Pourshafie  1 , Mahdi Rohani  1
Affiliations

Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of Lactobacillus spp. as a preservative and therapeutic agent for IBD control

Shadi Aghamohammad et al. Immun Inflamm Dis. 2022 Jun.

Abstract

Background: Probiotics have a beneficial effect on inflammatory responses and immune regulation, via Janus kinase/signal transduction and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) and NF-κB signaling pathways. To evaluate the precise effects of Lactobacillus spp. as a protective and therapeutic agent, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of Lactobacillus spp. in modulating JAK/STAT and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) inflammatory signaling pathways.

Methods: A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay was used to analyze the expression of JAK/STAT and inflammatory genes (TIR-associated Protein [TIRAP], Interleukin 1 Receptor Associated Kinase[IRAK4], Nuclear factor-kappa B Essential Modulator [NEMO], and receptor interacting protein [RIP]) followed by treatment of the HT-29 cell line with sonicated pathogens before, after, and simultaneously with Lactobacillus spp. A cytokine assay was also used to evaluate interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β production after treatment with Lactobacillus spp.

Results: Lactobacillus spp. downregulated JAK and TIRAP, IRAK4, NEMO, and RIP genes in the NF-κB pathway compared to sonicate-treated cells. The expression of STAT genes was different after treatment with probiotics. The production of IL-6 and IL-1β decreased after probiotic treatment.

Conclusions: Our Lactobacillus spp. cocktail showed anti-inflammatory effects on HT-29 cells by modulating JAK/STAT and NF-κB signaling pathways in all three treatment variants. Therefore, Lactobacillus spp. as a dietary supplement can both prevent and reduce inflammation-related diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease.

Keywords: IBD; JAK/STAT; Lactobacillus spp.; NF-κB.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Relative gene expression (mean fold change) of STAT genes in the different groups of treatments (A‐F for STAT 1‐6). Data were represented as mean ± SD. Data were considered as statistically significant when p < .05 ('p < .05, "p < .001). Letter a indicates the relatedness between C24 and C48 with other treatments, letter b shows the relatedness between sp24 and other treatments, and letter c shows the relatedness between sp48 with other treatments. The relatedness between other treatments is shown with bracket.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Relative gene expression (mean fold change) of JAK genes in the different groups of treatments (A‐D for JAK 1, JAK 2, JAK 3 and TYK 2 genes). Data were represented as mean ± SD. Data were considered as statistically significant when p < .05 ('p < .05, "p < .001). Letter a indicates the relatedness between C24 and C48 with other treatments, letter b shows the relatedness between sp24 and other treatments, and letter c shows the relatedness between sp48 with other treatments. The relatedness between other treatments is shown with bracket. TYK, tyrosine kinase
Figure 3
Figure 3
Relative gene expression (mean fold change) of inflammatory genes in the different groups of treatments (A‐ D for NEMO, TIRAP, IRAK 4 and RIP genes). Data were represented as mean ± SD. Data were considered as statistically significant when p < .05 ('p < .05, "p < .001). Letter a indicates the relatedness between C24 and C48 with other treatments, letter b shows the relatedness between sp24 and other treatments, and letter c shows the relatedness between sp48 with other treatments. The relatedness between other treatments is shown with bracket. IRAK, Interleukin 1 Receptor Associated Kinase; NEMO, Nuclear factor‐kappa B Essential Modulator; TIRAP, TIR‑associated Protein.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Different levels of concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines (A and B for IL‐6 and IL‐1 B). Data were represented as mean ± SD. Data were considered as statistically significant when p < .05 ('p < .05, "p < .001). Letter a indicates the relatedness between C24 and C48 with other treatments, letter b shows the relatedness between sp24 and other treatments, and letter c shows the relatedness between sp48 with other treatments. The relatedness between other treatments is shown with bracket.
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