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. 2022 Jun 29;11(4):e220066.
doi: 10.1530/ETJ-22-0066. Print 2022 Aug 1.

Iodine concentration level of iodized dietary salt and its associated factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Temesgen Muche Ewunie  1 , Robel Hussen Kabthymer  1 , Samrawit Hailu  2 , Moges Mareg  2 , Tesfa Mengie  3 , Daniel Sisay  4 , Getachew Arage  5
Affiliations

Iodine concentration level of iodized dietary salt and its associated factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Temesgen Muche Ewunie et al. Eur Thyroid J. .

Abstract

Background: Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is a major public health problem in Ethiopia. The availability of adequate iodized dietary salt at the household level is immensely important. Hence, this review aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of adequate iodine concentration level of iodized dietary salt at the household level and its associated factors in Ethiopia.

Methods: We searched the literature using electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Embase) and gray literature from January 9, 2022, to February 25, 2022. The rapid test kit was used to measure the adequacy of iodine level of dietary salt. The quality of studies was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool. Heterogeneity between studies was checked using I2 test statistics and publication bias was checked using funnel plot and Egger's statistical test at a 5% significance level. A random-effects model was employed to estimate the pooled prevalence of the outcome variable and its determinants in Ethiopia.

Results: The search identified 149 studies of which 18 studies were included with a total of 10,556 participants. The pooled prevalence of adequate iodine levels of iodized salt in Ethiopia was 44.37% (95% CI: 35.85-52.88). Women who had formal education (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.99 (95% CI: 1.47-2.48)), good knowledge of women (AOR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.36-3.36), packed iodized salt (AOR = 3.85 (95% CI: 1.88-7.87)) and storage of iodized salt at home for less than 2 months (AOR = 2.66 (95% CI: 2.11-3.35) were the significant factors.

Conclusion: This review suggests that the pooled prevalence of adequate iodine levels was low. Our finding highlights the need for considering the educational status, knowledge, and duration of salt storage to enhance the prevalence of adequate levels of iodized salt at the national level.

Keywords: Ethiopia; iodine concentration level; iodized; salt; systematic review and meta-analysis.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A PRISMA flow chart explaining the selection of primary studies for systematic review and meta-analysis.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Forest plot revealing the pooled prevalence of adequate iodine concentration in dietary iodized salt at the household level in Ethiopia.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Funnel plot of 95% CI for publication bias to assess the pooled prevalence of adequate concentration of dietary iodized salt.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Output of sensitivity analysis of included studies for this review.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Forest plot depicting the association of adequate iodine concentration in dietary iodized salt with knowledge of women.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Forest plot revealing the association of adequate iodine concentration in dietary iodized salt with educational status of women.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Forest plot showing the association of adequate iodine concentration in dietary iodized salt with packed iodized salt.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Forest plot revealing the association of adequate iodine concentration in dietary iodized salt with duration of iodized salt storage at home.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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