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. 2022 May 28;48(1):80.
doi: 10.1186/s13052-022-01276-9.

Lutein levels in arterial cord blood correlate with neurotrophic calcium binding S100B protein in healthy preterm and term newborns

Simonetta Picone  1 , Alberto Ritieni  2 , Giulia Graziani  2 , Piermichele Paolillo  1 , Ebe D'Adamo  3 , Valentina Botondi  3 , Daniele Panichi  3 , Sara Torresi  4 , Daniela David  4 , Armando di Ludovico  4 , Francesco Chiarelli  4 , Diego Gazzolo  5
Affiliations

Lutein levels in arterial cord blood correlate with neurotrophic calcium binding S100B protein in healthy preterm and term newborns

Simonetta Picone et al. Ital J Pediatr. .

Abstract

Background: S100B is an established biomarker of brain development and damage. Lutein (LT) is a naturally occurring xanthophyll carotenoid mainly concentrated in the central nervous system (CNS), but its neurotrophic role is still debated. We investigated whether LT cord blood concentrations correlate with S100B in a cohort of preterm and term healthy newborns.

Methods: We conducted a prospective study on the distribution of LT and S100B in arterial cord blood of healthy preterm (n = 50) and term (n = 50) newborns.

Results: S100B and LT showed a pattern of concentration characterized by higher levels (P < 0.01, for all) at 33-36 weeks gestation (GA) followed by a progressive decrease (P < 0.01, for all) from 37 onwards with a dip at term. Both S100B and LT were gender-dependent with significantly (P < 0.01, for all) higher levels in females in preterm and term groups. S100B (R = 0.68; P < 0.001) and LT (R = 0.40; P = 0.005) correlated with GA at sampling. A positive significant correlation (R = 0.87; P < 0.001) between S100B and LT was found.

Conclusions: The present data showing a correlation between S100B and LT supports the notion of a LT trophic role in the CNS. Further investigations in high-risk infants are needed to elucidate LT involvement in the pathophysiological cascade of events leading to CNS development and damage.

Keywords: Biomarkers; Brain development; Cord blood; Lutein; Newborns; S100B.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow chart showing patient recruitment
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Panel A S100B (μg/L) arterial cord blood concentrations in term (T) and preterm (PT) newborns and when corrected for gender (male: M; female: F). Data are given as median and 5th–95th centiles. (*) P < 0.01. Panel B Lutein (pmol/mL) arterial cord blood concentrations in term (T) and preterm (PT) newborns and when corrected for gender. Data are given as medians and 5th–95th centiles. (*) P < 0.01
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