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. 2022 Oct;43(10):6031-6038.
doi: 10.1007/s10072-022-06153-1. Epub 2022 May 28.

A cross-sectional study on the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and headache

Cinzia Cavestro  1 , Giancarlo Prandi  2 , Matteo Manildo  3 , Sabina Martini  2 , Corrado Genovesi  3 , Alberto Premoli  2 , Flavio Fraire  4 , Loris Neri  5 , Silvia Mandrino  1 , Marcella Ferrero  1 , Eugenia Rota  6
Affiliations

A cross-sectional study on the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and headache

Cinzia Cavestro et al. Neurol Sci. 2022 Oct.

Abstract

Background: The relationship between chronic Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and headache has been discussed for long; nevertheless, the results of the studies are still contrasting.

Objective: This cross-sectional study is aimed to investigate a possible association between HP and headache, mainly migraine.

Methods: We screened, by a self-administered questionnaire, the subjects undergoing a breath test or an esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Migraine was diagnosed according to the international criteria.

Results: A total of 3914 patients underwent a breath test and 2200 an esophagogastroduodenoscopy at two hospitals, in Piedmont (Italy), in a 5-year period; a total of 1362 questionnaires were included in the study. The mean age of the subjects was 53 years; there were 777 women (57%). HP was detected in 364 (27%) subjects. A total of 702 (51%) subjects suffered from headache: migraine with aura was diagnosed in 176 subjects (176/702, i.e., 25% of the headache group; 176/1362, i.e., 13% of the total population); migraine without aura in 98 subjects (98/702, i.e., 14% of the headache group; 98/1362, i.e., 7% of the total). The logistic regression model did not detect any significant association between HP infection and headache, while a significant association between HP and headache frequency (p =0.009) was found, independently of age, gender, comorbidity, and diagnostic category.

Conclusion: Our study does not reveal an association between chronic HP infection and migraine. However, since HP is significantly associated with higher headache frequency, a role for HP as a risk factor for headache chronification, possibly underlain by inflammatory mechanisms, may be supposed.

Keywords: Comorbidity; Headache; Helicobacter pylori; Migraine; Migraine with aura.

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