Definition of Tinnitus

Abstract

Tinnitus is generally defined as the perception of sound in the absence of vibration of an external elastic body. If this definition appears useful to differentiate tinnitus from somatosounds, it is not suitable for distinguishing it from psychiatric hallucinations. Nor does this solution define a temporal limit of duration of the perception, which is important for distinguishing pathological tinnitus from those occasional noises that we all perceive from time to time. A complete definition appears necessary not only to achieve homogeneity in epidemiological studies but also to set up correct and personalized therapeutic schemes. An analogy with neuropsychiatric studies and, in particular, the concept of auditory hallucinosis are proposed by the authors to define tinnitus. According to the authors, tinnitus is auditory hallucinosis, and similarly, vertigo is spatial hallucinosis.

Keywords: delusional behaviors; dysperception; gate keeper system; gestalt; hallucination; hallucinosis; inflammation; neuroplasticity; neuroplasticity dysfunction; perception; pseudo-hallucination; sensation; somatosound; tinnitus.

Figure 1

Classification of dysperception.

Figure 2

Triangle Kanizsa.