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. 2022 May 24;12(5):e8957.
doi: 10.1002/ece3.8957. eCollection 2022 May.

Mitogenomes provide new insights of evolutionary history of Boreheptagyiini and Diamesini (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae)

Xiao-Long Lin  1 , Zheng Liu  2 , Li-Ping Yan  3 , Xin Duan  4 , Wen-Jun Bu  1 , Xin-Hua Wang  1 , Chen-Guang Zheng  1
Affiliations

Mitogenomes provide new insights of evolutionary history of Boreheptagyiini and Diamesini (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae)

Xiao-Long Lin et al. Ecol Evol. .

Abstract

Mitogenomes have been widely used for phylogenetic reconstruction of various Dipteran groups, but specifically for chironomid, they have not been carried out to resolve the relationships. Diamesinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) are important bioindicators for freshwater ecosystem monitoring, but its evolutionary history remains uncertain for lack of information. Here, coupled with one previously published and 30 new mitogenomes of Diamesinae, we carried out comparative mitogenomic analysis and phylogenetic analysis. Mitogenomes of Diamesinae were conserved in structure, and all genes arranged in the same order as the ancestral insect mitogenome. All protein-coding genes in Diamesinae were under stronger purifying selection than those of other nonbiting midge species, which may exhibit signs of adaptation to life at cold living conditions. Phylogenetic analyses strongly supported the monophyly of Diamesinae, with Boreheptagyiini deeply nested within Diamesini. In addition, phylogenetic relationship of selected six genera was resolved, except Sympotthastia remained unstable. Our study revealed that the mitogenomes of Diamesinae are highly conserved, and they are practically useful for phylogenetic inference.

Keywords: Diamesinae; mitogenome; phylogeny.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
An adult male of Diamesa loeffleri Reiss, on the ice in Qinghai, China. Photo: Qing‐Bo Huo
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
A+T content of mitochondrial genes of Diamesinae species. The X‐axis shows the species names and the Y‐axis shows the percentage of A+T content
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Start and termination codons of PCGs among Diamesinae species. The X‐axis shows the names of PCGs and the Y‐axis shows the codon numbers
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Evolution rate of each PCG of Diamesinae species. The X‐axis shows the names of PCGs and the Y‐axis shows the Ka/Ks value
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Phylogenetic relationships of Diamesinae inferred from mitogenomes. (a) ML tree obtained based on PCG12; (b) BI tree obtained based on PCG12; (c) ML tree obtained based on PCG12R; (d) BI tree obtained based on PCG12R; (e) ML tree obtained based on AA; (f) BI tree obtained based on AA. Numbers at the nodes are ML bootstrap values (a, c, e) and BI posterior probabilities (b, d, f)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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