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. 2022 May 11:10:890252.
doi: 10.3389/fchem.2022.890252. eCollection 2022.

Co-Delivery of Doxycycline and Hydroxychloroquine Using CdTe-Labeled Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Treatment of Acute and Chronic Brucellosis

Seyed Mostafa Hosseini  1 , Abbas Farmany  2 , Mohammad Yousef Alikhani  1 , Mohammad Taheri  1 , Sara Soleimani Asl  3 , Saeed Alamian  4 , Mohammad Reza Arabestani  1   5
Affiliations

Co-Delivery of Doxycycline and Hydroxychloroquine Using CdTe-Labeled Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Treatment of Acute and Chronic Brucellosis

Seyed Mostafa Hosseini et al. Front Chem. .

Abstract

Brucellosis is a systemic disease in both acute and chronic forms which can affect any organ or tissue in the body. One of the biggest issues in treating this disease is its relapse. In this study, a complete treatment of brucellosis was evaluated using enhanced performance of doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine drugs by using solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) conjugated cadmium-telluride quantum dots. The double emulsion method was used to prepare SLN and cadmium-telluride quantum dots. The physicochemical properties of NPs were determined. The effect of nanoparticle-loaded antibiotics against Brucella melitensis was determined by well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), cell culture, and animal studies. The means of particle size, PDI, zeta potential, drugs loading, and encapsulation efficiency were 214 ± 25 nm, 0.385 ± 0.022, -18.7 ± 2.3 mV, 17.7 ± 1.5%, and 94.15 ± 2.6%, respectively. The results of FTIR and DSC showed that no chemical reaction occurred between the components of the NPs. The effect of free drug and NPs on bacteria was the same by well diffusion and MIC method. Drug-loaded NPs significantly reduced the number of CFUs in the cell line and acute and chronic brucellosis compared to the free drug. In conclusion, the synthesized nanoparticles were safe and green. With the slow release of the drug (100 h), the accumulation of the drug at the bacterial site increases and causes a greater effect on the B. melitensis and improves the disease of brucellosis. The use of synthesized nanodrugs in this study had promising therapeutic results.

Keywords: Brucella melitensis; brucellosis; doxycycline; hydroxychloroquine; solid lipid nanoparticles.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
DLS results: size and PDI of DOX-HCQ-SLN.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
DLS results: zeta Potential of DOX-HCQ-SLN.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Field emission scanning electronic microscope images of DOX-HCQ-SLN.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
DSC thermograms of nanoparticle components.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
FTIR spectra of nanoparticle components.
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
Release test of DOX-HCQ-SLN, free doxycycline, and hydroxychloroquine.
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 7
Effect of NPs and free drugs on J774A.1 cells.
FIGURE 8
FIGURE 8
Results of MIC test in different times.
FIGURE 9
FIGURE 9
(A) Bacteria inside the macrophage. (B) Labeled NPs inside the macrophage.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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