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. 2022 Dec;99(6):1170-1182.
doi: 10.1007/s11524-022-00648-0. Epub 2022 Jun 2.

Construction and Validation of an Individual Deprivation Index: a Study Based on a Representative Cohort of the Paris Metropolitan Area

Sohela Moussaoui  1   2 , Pierre Chauvin  3 , Gladys Ibanez  3   4 , Marion Soler  5 , Virginie Nael  6 , Claire Morgand  7   8 , Sarah Robert  3   4
Affiliations

Construction and Validation of an Individual Deprivation Index: a Study Based on a Representative Cohort of the Paris Metropolitan Area

Sohela Moussaoui et al. J Urban Health. 2022 Dec.

Abstract

The association between health status and deprivation is well established. However, it is difficult to measure deprivation at an individual level and already-existing indices in France are not validated or do not meet the needs of health practitioners. The aim of this work was to establish a validated, easy-to-use, multidimensional, relevant index that was representative of the population in the Paris metropolitan area. From the SIRS 2010 cohort study, 14 socio-economic characteristics were selected: health insurance, educational background, socio-professional category, professional status, feelings of loneliness, emotional situation, household type, income, perceived financial situation, social support (support in daily life, financial and emotional), housing situation, and migration origin. In addition, a total of 12 health status, healthcare use, and nutrition-related variables were also selected. Content validity and internal validity of the index were explored. The 14 socio-economic indicators were associated to varying degrees with poorer health status, less use of healthcare, and poorer nutrition and were distributed across the 14 multiple-choice questions of the index. Each answer was rated from 0 to 2. The index value of 10 that isolates 20% of the most deprived individuals was used as threshold. "Being deprived," as defined with this value, was significantly associated with 9 of the 12 studied health variables. This index could be a relevant instrument in the assessment of deprivation and social inequalities of health.

Keywords: Deprivation; France; Health inequalities; Index; Living standards; Social determinants of health; Validity.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
PRECAR index of deprivation, from the 14 selected indicators, SIRS study 2010. For each item, 2 to 5 answers were possible and between 0 and 3 points were awarded. Source: SIRS study, 2010
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Age distribution by gender, SIRS study 2010. The x-axis represents the age groups (years) and the y-axis the proportions (percentages) for women (left bar in black) and men (right bar in gray). Source: SIRS study, 2010
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Distribution of PRECAR index values among the study population, SIRS study 2010. The x-axis represents the index values and the y-axis the size population for each value (counts). Source SIRS study, 2010
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Distribution of the PRECAR index values by gender, SIRS study 2010. The x-axis represents the index values and the y-axis the size (counts) for women (left) and men (right). Source SIRS 2010
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